sociological theory

Question 1

who conducted the strain theory?

Answer 1

Merton

Question 2

Give a summary of the strain theory

Answer 2

crimes causation is inequality in society

Question 3

societial goals - wealth

Answer 3

Society has goals which measures sucess. One of them is wealth

Question 4

legitimate means

Answer 4

gaining societial goals/values

through things such as hard work in education or a sucessful career

Question 5

Strain theory - why is there inequalities within society?

Answer 5

Some individuals have lower opportunities.

Opportunities are blocked due to factors such as poverty or inadequate schooling

Question 6

Strain theory - This inequalitiy within society causes what amongst individuals?

Answer 6

Individuals will face a strain

Question 7

Strain theory

When individuals face a strain, what does this lead to?

Answer 7

Crime and deviance

Question 8

Conformists

Answer 8

Individuals who meet societal goals

Question 9

What were the 4 ways of adapting to strain according to Merton?

Answer 9

innovation
ritualism
retreatism
rebellion

Question 10

Outline the labelling theory

Answer 10

The labelling theory describes no action is criminal or deviant until we create rules

Question 11

What do interactionalists believe about social control agencies?

Answer 11

Social control agencies label certain groups as criminals

Question 12

What is the result of social control agencies labelling specific groups?

Answer 12

Differential enforcement

Question 13

Define differential enforcement

Answer 13

Law is more enforced on a particular group

Question 14

Labelling -> _____ + _______

Answer 14

Crime and deviance

Question 15

Define primary deviance

Answer 15

The actions are not publicly labelled as ‘devaint’

Question 16

Secondary deviance

Answer 16

The results from labelling

Society treats the offender only due to their label

Question 17

What is a consequence of the offender being labelled?

Answer 17

Rejected by society

Forced to join the company of other criminals -> a criminal subculture is made

Question 18

Define self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 18

Individuals learn criminal skill, and they are becoming what the label stated

Question 19

Who created the subculture theory?

Answer 19

Clowward and ohlin

Question 20

Outline what the subculture theory is

Answer 20

Subcultural deviance = group response to failure.

Question 21

Define status frustration

Answer 21

A feeling of frustration experienced by individuals when they are denied the opportunity of attaining social status

Question 22

What is the consequence of status frustration?

Answer 22

It creates a subculture with an alternative status hierarchy

Question 23

List cloward and ohlins 3 subcultures

Answer 23

1) Criminal sc
2)conflict sc
3)retreatist sc

Question 24

What is a criminal subculture (cloward and ohlins three subcultures)

Answer 24

a longstanding professional criminal network

Question 25

What is a conflict subculture?

Answer 25

street gangs - source of status - winning territory from rivarly group

Question 26

what is the retreatist subculture (cloward and ohlins three subcultures)

Answer 26

dropouts who failed both illegitimate and legitimate means

Question 27

Anomie

Answer 27

Lack of usual or ethical standards in an individual or group

Question 28

Strain theory is d____________

Answer 28

Deterministic