Sociocultural Definitions Flashcards
Attribution theory
Human beings make observations and based off these observations, they come up with reasons or causes
Dispositional factors
Factors inside an individual relating to a person’s characteristics
Situational factors
Factors outside an individual that they cannot control
Actor- observer effect
When trying to understand behaviour, we make inferences on intention and responsibility depending on if we do it ourselves or observe someone else doing it
Social Identity Theory
Individuals strive to enhance image by improving their self- esteem by personal success or fitting with successful groups
Personal and social identities
Social categorisation
Categorising people into specific groups
Favouritism and stereotyping
Social comparison
Analyse benefits of belonging to in-group against out-group which boosts self-esteem. Or blame and criticise out-group to find scapegoat for in-group failures
Stereotypes
Cognitive representations of a social group that helps to simplify social world and allow assumptions to be made with limited information. Allows prediction of behaviour of others and false predictions and creates a system of categorisation
Illusory correlation
A perception can be formed that there is a relationship between events and actions when there is no relationship
Culture
A set of beliefs, attitudes, behaviours and traditions we share with large groups of people and give us a sense of belonging
Cultural norms
Behaviour patterns typical of a cultural group. Resistant to change and are passed down the generations.
Gives a sense of control, order and belonging
Etic
The idea one behaviour in one culture applies to all cultures. Assume behaviour is universal. Decide what to measure before they get there.
Emic
Behaviour is culturally specific so need to examine cultural norms and values first before adapting and assembling an instrument that is culturally specific. Only gain accurate knowledge of the culture from within the culture.
Compliance
Agreeing with what others say irrespective of your own personal views
Compliance techniques
Methods one will feel obligated to comply with another’s wishes
