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Psychology IB > Biological Harder Details > Flashcards

Biological Harder Details Flashcards

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1
Q

Which areas of the brain showed higher levels of activity in those not taking oxytocin spray? Why those areas?

A

Amygdale and fusiform face area

Process unpleasant and threatening faces

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2
Q

What was concluded from the oxytocin study?

A

Oxytocin can reduce anxiety and increase chances of social contact for people with a psychiatric disorder

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3
Q

What sort of sample was in the Newcomer study?

A

Self-selected

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4
Q

Who was used for the Newcomer study?

A

51 18-30 year old healthy people

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5
Q

How long did the Newcomer experiment last and what sort of study was it?

A

Four days

Double blind experiment

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6
Q

What dosage cortisol tablets were used in the Newcomer study?

A

A tablet of 160mg equivalent in blood after stressful event

A 40mg tablet equivalent in blood after minor stressful event

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7
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

Remembering facts, dates and events

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8
Q

Which group in Newcomer’s study showed no memory decrease?

A

Low level cortisol group

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9
Q

What other damage does cortisol do as well as learning and memory impairment?

A

Damages immune system

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10
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The brain has the capability to change in terms of structure and neuron connections

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11
Q

What gender of rats were used in Rosenzweig’s study?

A

Male

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12
Q

How long did the rats spend in their environments in Rosenzweig’s study?

A

30-60 days

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13
Q

In the enriched condition, how many rats were together?

A

10-12

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14
Q

What sort of stimulation was found to affect the brain in Rosenzweig’s study?

A

Intellectual and social stimulation

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15
Q

What did follow-up research to Rosenzweig’s study show?

A

30 minutes a day in an enriched environment produced the same changes in the brain

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16
Q

Who were the participants in the Maguire study?

A

16 right-handed, male, at least 18 months navigation experience, average age 44, average time as taxi driver 14.3 years
16 right-handed, male, non-taxi drivers age matched

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17
Q

What created the comparison database in the Maguire study?

A

50, males, healthy, right-handed, aged 33-61 to get ‘average hippocampi’

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18
Q

How was analysis done on the MRI scans to compare them?

A

Voxel based morphometry to count pixels of image to see size

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19
Q

Which hippocampus was larger in taxi drivers in Maguire’s study?

A

Posterior hippocampus

20
Q

As the length of time as a taxi driver increased, the volume of which part of the brain increased in Maguire’s study?

A

Right posterior hippocampus q

21
Q

What characteristics can mirror neurons lead to?

A

Ability to learn and empathise with others

22
Q

What food was given to Rhesus monkeys in Gallese’s study?

A

Peanuts

23
Q

What other system was activated in the brain in Iacoboni’s study?

A

Limbic system

24
Q

How many Buddhist monks were used in Davidson’s study?

A

8

25
Q

How much meditation experience did the Buddhist monks have in Davidson’s study?

A

Over 10,000 hours

26
Q

How many novice meditators were used in Davidson’s study?

A

10

27
Q

How many of the control monks had an increase in gamma wave activity?

A

2

28
Q

How many people were used in Luders’ study?

A

44

29
Q

How many controls and meditators were used in Luders’ study?

A

22 of each

30
Q

What sort of meditation had the participants done in Luders’ study?

A

5 to 46 years
Average 24 years
10-90 minutes a day

31
Q

How many meditators and non-meditators were used in Grant et al’s study?

A

17 meditators

18 non-meditators

32
Q

What two things were done in Grant et al’s study?

A

Heated plate to measure thermal pain tolerance and then MRI

33
Q

How long was the University of Wisconsin study? What sort of study was it?

A

9 year

Randomised control trial

34
Q

How many and who were the participants used in the University of Wisconsin study?

A

201 African American men and women
Average age 59 with a narrowing of the arteries
Random assignment to a group

35
Q

What were the findings of the university of Wisconsin study?

A

47% reduction in death, heart attacks and strokes in participants
Clinically significant reduced blood pressure with decrease in clinical events
Less psychological stress in high stress subgroup

36
Q

What is ablation?

A

Taking parts out the brain

37
Q

How many participants were used in Mosconi’s study?

A

53

38
Q

How long were participants followed for in Mosconi’s study?

A

9-24 years

39
Q

How many studies were in Bouchard and McGue’s meta-analysis?

A

111

40
Q

What was the meta-analysis by Bouchard and McGue focusing on?

A

IQ correlations between siblings

41
Q

How many hours of testing and interviews took place for each twin in Bouchard’s Minnesota twin study?

A

50 hours

42
Q

What were the results of Plomin and Petrill’s study?

A

4-6 years 40%
Early adulthood 60%
Older adults 80%

43
Q

How many participants took part in Curtis et al’s study?

A

77,000

44
Q

How many images were shown to participants in Curtis et al’s study? How many pairs of images were there where one was infectious and the other visually similar but non-infectious?

A

20 images

7 pairs

45
Q

How many women were used in Fessler’s study?

A

496

46
Q

How many stomach-churning situations were the participants shown in Fessler’s study?

A

32

47
Q

What age range were the participants in Fessler’s study?

A

18-50

Psychology IB (10 decks)

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