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J - SOC 203 > (Socio) Environmental Problems > Flashcards

(Socio) Environmental Problems Flashcards

1
Q

Lois Gibbs and Love Canal explores…

A

What it means to be radical.

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2
Q

Who developed the precautionary principle?

A

Lois Gibbs.

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3
Q

Precautionary Principle

A

When we make decisions around the environment, it is based around the knowledge that we have.

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4
Q

Is radical always a bad thing?

A

No, can lead to positive social change.

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5
Q

What did Severn Culls-Suzuki talk about?

A

Wealth, equity, greed, poverty, etc.

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6
Q

What are the social causes of environmental problems?

A
  • Population growth.
  • Industrial and economic development.
  • Cultural values and attitudes.
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7
Q

Greenwashing

A

A business practices as a result of industrial and economic development.

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8
Q

What are the cultural values and attitudes that lead to environmental problems?

A

Individualism, materialism, militarism.

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9
Q

What is the first wave of growing awareness for environmental problems?

A
  • Environmentalism (1960/70’s).
    • Activism.
    • Protests.
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10
Q

What was explored in the Joni Mitchell song, Big Yellow Taxi?

A
  • Relationship between economic development and the environment.
  • Apples with spots.
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11
Q

Climate Change

A

Attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere.

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12
Q

Energy Use

A

Fossil fuels, non-conventional sources.

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13
Q

Air Pollution

A

Combustion engine, wood-burning, chemical use, greenhouse gases, ozone layer.

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14
Q

Natural Resource Depletion

A

Deforestation, desertification, ecological debt.

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15
Q

Land Pollution

A

Solid waste, nuclear waste, pesticides.

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16
Q

Water Pollution

A

Sewage, industrial development, spills, overconsumption, contamination of groundwater.

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17
Q

Human Health

A

Over-use of chemicals, disposal of pharmaceuticals, carcinogenic products, environmental illness.

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18
Q

Ecology

A

Study of how living organisms interact with the natural environment.

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19
Q

Natural (Biophysical) Environment

A

Earth’s surface and atmosphere — air, water, soil, and resources needed to sustain living organisms.

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20
Q

Technology

A

Knowledge that people apply to the task of living in a physical environment.

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21
Q

Planned Obsolescence

A

Deliberate design of products to have shortened life span.

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22
Q

Give examples of planned obsolescence:

A
  • Phones.
  • Laptops.
  • Cars.
  • Light bulbs.
  • Video games.
  • Batteries.
  • University textbooks.
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23
Q

I=PAT

A
  • Environmental impact (I).
  • reflects a society’s population (P),
  • it’s level of affluence/poverty (A),
  • and it’s level of technology (T).
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24
Q

What matters most in environmental sociology?

A

What matters most is getting production and consumption under control.

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25
Q

What do we have to do in the world according to I=PAT?

A
  • Lessons:
    • Increasing P.
    • Rising level of A.
    • Use more powerful T.
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26
Q

Environmental Deficit

A

Serious, long-term harm to the environment caused by humanity’s focus on short-term material affluence (consumption).

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27
Q

___ ___ agree that human society is the root cause of environmental problems.

A

Natural sciences.

28
Q

Environmental problems are ___ constructions.

A

Social.

29
Q

The decisions about solutions and their costs are ___.

A

Social.

30
Q

Who said that environmental problems are not about bad leaders or individuals, but about how we are collectively moving.

A

Laszewski.

31
Q

What did Sarah Harmer talk about in her song Escarpment Blues?

A
  • SF argument.
    • Political argument.
    • Things get watered down in the arguments.
32
Q

Environmental Sociology

A

Sociological study of societal-environmental interactions.

33
Q

What does environmental sociology examine?

A
  • Cause.
  • Impacts.
  • Address.
  • Socially defined.
34
Q

What is the second wave of growing awareness for environmental problems?

A

1980’s human consumption and economic development.

35
Q

Characteristics of second wave of environmental problems?

A

Climate change, environmental refugees, fracking, technological disasters.

36
Q

Normal Accidents

A

The very complexity of modern technologies ensures they will inevitably fail, although in unpredictable ways.

37
Q

Who came up with the term normal accidents?

A

Charles Perrow.

38
Q

Risk Society

A

Successful industrialization often means the end of scarcity, but it has caused a multitude of problems (risks) and stress.

39
Q

Who came up with the risk society?

A

Ulrich Beck.

40
Q

The risk society says that society is organized around the constant response to ___.

A

Stress.

41
Q

Biotechnology

A

Technique that uses living organisms (or parts of them) to make or modify a product for specific uses (such as GMO, GIO, GE foods).

42
Q

Divide over GM crops discusses:

A
  • Benefits.
  • Risks.
  • Ethics.
43
Q

Double Bind

A

Distressing dilema in communication in which people receive tow or more conflicting messages; messages often negate each other.

44
Q

Two areas in Canada known as Chemical (cancer) Alley.

A

Fort Sask and Sarnia.

45
Q

Environmental problems from the SF perspective:

A
  • Interdependency of human beings and the environment.
  • Socio-ecological problems as latent dysfunctions — unintended consequences.
  • Ecological Modernization.
46
Q

Ecological Modernization

A

Using technology to address environmental issues. Environmental protection is not necessarily in conflict with economic growth.

47
Q

Sustainable Development

A

Meet the needs of current generations without threatening the future of subsequent generations.

48
Q

How does Marx view environmental problems?

A

Alienation from nature: “social metabolic rift.” Town-Country: soil fertility exhaustion from use of chemical fertilizers and failure to replenish nutrients.

49
Q

Treadmill of Production

A

Environmental problems are irrationalities of capitalism, caused by arrangements that maximize economic growth and profit.

50
Q

Environmental Injustice

A

The tendency for socially and politically marginalized groups to bear the brunt of environmental problems.

51
Q

Environmental Racism

A

Pattern by which environmental hazards are greatest for pool people/those without influence, especially minorities.

52
Q

E-Waste

A

Toxic materials and waste from electronic equipment.

53
Q

Ecofeminist Perspective

A

Connection between the domination of women, people of colour, children, the poor, and the domination of nature — environmental problems.

54
Q

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on environmental problems:

A
  • Meanings, labels, and definitions.
  • Greenwashing.
  • Framing.
55
Q

Greenwashing

A

Companies portray their corporate image and products as being “environmentally friendly.”

56
Q

Framing

A

Collection of stereotypes that individuals rely on to understand and respond to events.

57
Q

Greenwashing manipulates ___ ___.

A

Public perception.

58
Q

Andrew Szasz

A

Consumption of bottled water.

59
Q

Maude Barlow

A

Water as a human right.

60
Q

Peter Brabeck-Lemathe

A

Water is a commodity.

61
Q

Inverted Quarantine

A

Environment is ill, so remove ourselves from it by buying filtered water.

62
Q

Inverted quarantine only works if…

A

You have money.

63
Q

Social Constructionism

A

Process by which knowledge claims and environmental problems are framed.

64
Q

Give an example of popularizers.

A

David Suzuki Foundation.

65
Q

Strategies for action for environmental activism.

A
  • Environmental activism.
  • Green industry, energy.
  • Environmental education.
  • Sustainable agreements.
  • International agreements.

J - SOC 203 (24 decks)

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