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J - SOC 203 > Critical Studies in Race and Ethnicity > Flashcards

Critical Studies in Race and Ethnicity Flashcards

1
Q

Who did W.I. Thomas develop his theory with?

A

D.S. Thomas.

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2
Q

Wab Kinew

A

University of Winnipeg Director of Indigenous Inclusion.

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3
Q

Wab Kinew used what device to transmit his message about racism?

A

Humour.

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4
Q

What was discussed in the Lorenzo and Wab Kinew song, “Fly?”

A

Aboriginal people and what they have to deal with.

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5
Q

The drum in the song “Fly” by Lorenzo and Wab Kinew represents…

A

Cultural strength.

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6
Q

What is the beliefs in a biological argument of race?

A
  • Each race has unique physiological characteristics based on genetic differences.
  • Certain cultural or personality dispositions are genetically based.
  • 3 categories of people: negroid, caucasoid, mongoloid.
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7
Q

It is believed that there are 3 categories of people. What are they?

A

Negroid, caucasoid, mongoloid.

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8
Q

What are the actual facts about biological arguments of race?

A
  • More genetic variation within populations than between radicalized groups.
  • Skin colour is not black and white: gradations of shade, physical characteristics.
  • Geographical locations/conditions.
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9
Q

There is more genetic variation ___ populations than ___ radicalized groups.

A

Within, between.

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10
Q

Race is a ___ ___.

A

Social construction.

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11
Q

What theorem is an important component of racism?

A

Thomas Theorem.

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12
Q

Instead of talking about races, we should talk about ___.

A

Populations.

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13
Q

As biological entities, does race exist?

A

No.

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14
Q

As biological entities, does race matter?

A

Yes.

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15
Q

Why does race matter?

A

It allows social inequality to be created and perpetuated.

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16
Q

Race

A

A category of people believed to share distinct physical characteristics (physical markers) deemed to be socially significant.

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17
Q

Ethnicity

A

Shared collective experiences due to shared cultural heritage or national origin.

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18
Q

Cultural Markers

A

Ethnic groups are created by social interaction through processes of exclusion and inclusion.

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19
Q

Culture

A

The meanings and ways of life that characterizes a society.

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20
Q

Give examples of things that affect culture.

A

Dress, language, norms of behaviour, foods, tools, beliefs, folklore.

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21
Q

Is culture constant or permanent?

A

No.

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22
Q

Race is not real, but ___ is.

A

Racialization.

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23
Q

Racialization

A

Process in which people are viewed and judged essentially different in terms of their intellect, their morality, their values, and their worth because of differences of physical type of cultural heritage.

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24
Q

How do people classify people based on race?

A
  • Race becomes substitute for distinctions based on class, education, age, or job experience.
  • Basis for decisions about hiring, buying, renting, befriending, and respecting others.
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25
Q

Redlining

A

Denying services to particular neighbourhoods.

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26
Q

Racial Profiling

A

Actions undertaken supposedly for reasons of safety, security, or public protection, based on racial stereotypes, rather than on reasonable suspicion.

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27
Q

Racial Profiling is also known as…

A

Racialized deviance.

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28
Q

Kirk Johnson was pulled over 28 times in 5 years. What is this an indication of?

A

Racial profiling.

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29
Q

White Privilege

A

An invisible knapsack that allows you to do and say more than other people. Thought of by Peggie McIntosh.

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30
Q

White privilege is the unlearned advantages of…

A

Being white in a racially stratified society.

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31
Q

People are taught to see racism only in individual acts of meanness, not in…

A

Invisible systems conferring dominance on my group.

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32
Q

Tim Uppal

A

The Minister of State for Multiculturalism.

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33
Q

What does the SF perspective say about ethnic identity?

A

Ethnic identity provides social connectedness in an individualistic society

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34
Q

The Heritage Festival is an example of which perspective concerning race studies?

A

SF.

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35
Q

The SF perspective says that racial and ethnic inequality is ___.

A

Dysfunctional.

36
Q

Why does the SF perspective say that racial and ethnic inequality is dysfunctional?

A
  • Society fails to develop and utilize potential of all members.
  • Prejudice and discrimination aggrieve social problems.
37
Q

What does the conflict perspective say about race and ethnicity?

A

Racial and ethnic group tension is caused by (economic) competition.

38
Q

Give example of how the conflict perspective can be applied to race and ethnicity.

A

Chinese railway workers in 1885 - “head tax” - restrict entrance.

39
Q

What does the SI perspective say about race and ethnicity?

A

Meanings and definitions contribute to the subordinate position of certain groups.

40
Q

Ethnic differentiation is constructed by a ___ ___.

A

Labelling process.

41
Q

Ethnic differentiation plays a role in perpetuating negative attitudes towards…

A

Minorities.

42
Q

Stereotypes

A

Untrue and exaggerated generalizations about the characteristics and behaviour of a particular group.

43
Q

How does Merton’s self-fulfilling prophecy relate to racial labels?

A

Racial labels can shape the way groups view themselves.

44
Q

Lupe Fiasco’s “Bitch Bad” is an example of the ___ ___ perspective on race and ethnicity.

A

SI.

45
Q

How does Queer Theory view race and ethnicity?

A
  • Challenges multiculturalism policies as “benign force.”

- Value systems (teachers, school reps) are not interrogated.

46
Q

What is the difference between queer theory and feminist theory?

A

Multiculturalism mandate values difference, not diversity.

47
Q

Critical Race Theory

A

Examine the marginalization of people at the place where sexuality, race, and ethnicity meet (intersectionality).

48
Q

Visible Minorities

A

Persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.

49
Q

In 2011, __% of people were visible minorities.

A

19.1.

50
Q

In 2016, it is estimated that __% of people will be visible minorities.

A

20.

51
Q

Pluralism

A

Racial and ethnic groups maintain distinctness, but respect each other and have equal access to social resources.

52
Q

Cultural Pluralism (Multiculturalism)

A
  • The culture of a society should represent and embrace all the different groups of that society.
  • Diversity, but within the structured whole (cultural mosaic).
53
Q

What were the 3 fundamental goals of the 1988 Canadian Multiculturalism Act?

A
  • Identity.
  • Civic participation.
  • Social justice.
54
Q

Identity as a goal for the Multiculturalism Act.

A

Recognize, respect, and reflect a diversity of cultures such that people of all backgrounds feel a sense of belonging and attachments to Canada.

55
Q

Social justice is roughly equal to…

A

A sociological imagination.

56
Q

What did Boona Mohammed discuss in his spoken word poem “Green Card?”

A
  • Some people’s credentials are not recognized.

- You can’t be protected by studying science.

57
Q

What are two factors that contribute to social troubles with Aboriginal people in Canada?

A
  • Young population and high birth rates.

- 400 years of cultural domination, exploitation, and exclusion. Colonialism.

58
Q

Give support that Canada’s Aboriginal youths are a fast growing demographic.

A

46% were under 35 years in 2011.

59
Q

Give examples of how colonialism has affected the life of Aboriginal groups today.

A
  • Lowest education levels, income, health, employment.
  • Housing fails to meet national standards.
  • Life expectancy below national level.
  • Suicide rates 2-7 times the Canadian population.
60
Q

Prejudice

A

Attitudes or judgement, usually negative, about an entire category of people based on their group membership.

61
Q

What is the most important thing to understand about prejudices?

A

To recognize that we all have prejudices.

62
Q

What was discussed in the spoken word poem, “Your Eyes They Curve Around Me” by Helen Knott?

A
  • Violence against Aboriginal women.
  • Stereotypes of Aboriginal people.
  • Institutional discrimination (violence).
63
Q

What was talked about in “Coconut” by Neesha Patel?

A
  • Coconut is a person that is brown on the outside but white on the inside.
  • Your identity and how it affects how you see others.
64
Q

Traditional (Overt) Racism

A

Direct and conscious racism.

65
Q

What is the kind of racism people think about?

A

Traditional racism.

66
Q

Aversive Racism

A

Not hostile, but negative feelings of discomfort, uneasiness, disgust, and sometimes fear towards minority groups.

67
Q

Everyone experiences ___ racism.

A

Aversive.

68
Q

Exhibited by well-intentioned people who promote equality and see themselves as non-prejudiced.

A

Unintentional form of prejudice. Aversive racism.

69
Q

Modern Racism

A

A subtle and complex form of racism in which individuals are not explicitly racist.

70
Q

Which type of racism does the following describe?

  • “No homo.” and “I’m not racist but…”
  • The belief that serious discrimination no longer exists in Canada.
A

Modern racism.

71
Q

What does modern racism do?

A

Displaces negative racial feelings onto more abstract social and political issues.

72
Q

How is prejudice taught and learned?

A

Through socialization.

73
Q

Socialization

A
  • Individuals adopt the values, beliefs, and perceptions of their family, peers, culture, and social groups.
  • Stereotypes.
  • Media.
  • Internet (hate sites).
74
Q

Individual Discrimination

A

Occurs when individuals treat people unfairly or unequally because of their group membership.

75
Q

Overt Discrimination

A

The individual discriminates because of his or her own prejudicial attitudes.

76
Q

Adaptive Discrimination

A

Based on the prejudice of others. Channeling the prejudice of others around them.

77
Q

Hate Crime Victimization (Bias Motivated Crime)

A

Acts of violence motivated by prejudice.

78
Q

Motivations for hate crimes:

A
  1. Thrill.
  2. Defensive.
  3. Mission.
79
Q

Thrill motivation for hate crime.

A

For excitement.

80
Q

Defensive motivation for hate crime.

A

Protection from outsiders.

81
Q

Mission motivation for hate crime.

A

By members of organizations that endorse racist beliefs and violence against minority group members.

82
Q

Which motivation for hate crime is the least common, but most violent?

A

Mission.

83
Q

Institutional Discrimination

A

Occurs when normal operations and procedures of social institutions result in unequal treatment of minorities.

84
Q

Institutional discrimination is ___ and ___, and maintains the subordinate positions of minorities in society.

A

Covert, insidious.

85
Q

Majority group members make rules that favour their own group. What perspective does this support?

A

Conflict.

86
Q

Strategies for action for racism.

A
  • Multicultural education in schools and communities.
  • Diversity training in the workplace.
  • Political strategies — employment equity.

J - SOC 203 (24 decks)

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