Chapter 2: Illness and Health Care

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

A state of compete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Question 2

Epidemiology

Answer 2

The study of the distribution of disease within a population.

Question 3

Epidemiologist

Answer 3

A scientist who studies the social origins and distraction of health problems in a population and how patterns of illness and disease vary between and within societies.

Question 4

Morbidity

Answer 4

Disease, impairment, and accidents present in a population.

Question 5

Acute Condition

Answer 5

A health condition that lasts no longer than three months.

Question 6

Chronic Condition

Answer 6

A long-term health problem.

Question 7

Incidence

Answer 7

The number of new cases of a specific health problem in a given population during a specified period.

Question 8

Prevalence

Answer 8

The total number of cases of a condition in a population that exist at a given time.

Question 9

Epidemiological Transition

Answer 9

The shift from a society characterized by low life expectancy and parasitic and infectious diseases to one characterized by high life expectancy and chronic and degenerative diseases.

Question 10

Life Expectancy

Answer 10

The average number of years that a person born in a given year can expect to live.

Question 11

Mortality

Answer 11

Death.

Question 12

What causes the most deaths annually?

Answer 12

Heart disease.

Question 13

What is the number 1 killer of Canadians aged 15-19?

Answer 13

Unintentional injuries (accidents).

Question 14

Under-Five Mortality Rate

Answer 14

The rate of deaths among children under age five.

Question 15

Income inequality means that even those in developed countries can show discrepancy in…

Answer 15

Under-five mortality rates.

Question 16

Maternal Mortality Rate

Answer 16

The numbers of deaths that result from complications associated with pregnancy or childbirth per 1000 pregnant women.

Question 17

What is a sensitive indicator to how social health is affected by the gap between the rich and the poor?

Answer 17

Maternal mortality rate.

Question 18

Burden of Disease

Answer 18

The number of deaths in a population combined with the impact of premature death and disability in that population.

Question 19

DALY

Answer 19

Disability-Adjusted Life Year. Years lived with illness or disability. More simply, one DALY equals one year lost of healthy life.

Question 20

Perinatal Transmission

Answer 20

The transmission of infection from a mother to a fetus or newborn.

Question 21

Who is most likely to get HIV in Canada?

Answer 21

Men who have sex with men.

Question 22

Who is most likely to get HIV globally?

Answer 22

Heterosexuals.

Question 23

Feminist

Answer 23

An umbrella term that describes both socio-political activism and academic work. United by a concern for the well-being of women. Seek recognition that women are full human beings entitled to the same personal rights as men. Demonstrated that gender is an important variable to be accounted for in research programs and the well-being of women is integral to the general welfare of larger society.

Question 24

Mental Health

Answer 24

The successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and to cope with adversity.

Question 25

Mental Illness

Answer 25

A term used to refer collectively to all mental disorders.

Question 26

Mental Disorder

Answer 26

A behavioural or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress or disability, or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or loss of freedom.

Question 27

Which mental disorders affect which gender?

Answer 27

Men are more likely to face addiction, women are more likely to face mood and anxiety disorders.

Question 28

Globalization

Answer 28

The economic, political, and social interconnectedness among societies throughout the world.

Question 29

Socio-Economic Status (SES)

Answer 29

Status that refers to the combination of economic and social circumstances that shape one’s experiences as a member of a given class. SES addresses the likelihood that higher income and a higher place in the social hierarchy are likely to coincide, and that lower status and lower income are also likely to coincide, with attendant privileges for higher-SES groups and attendant risks for lower ones.

Question 30

Medicalization

Answer 30

The tendency to define negatively evaluated behaviours or conditions as medical problems in need of medical intervention.

Question 31

Stigma

Answer 31

Refers to any personal characteristic associated with social disgrace, rejection, or discrediting.

Question 32

Critical Race Theory

Answer 32

Both “race” and “ethnicity” are socially constructed ways of conceiving people according to a hierarchized and segregated set of assumptions.

Question 33

Social Determinants of Health

Answer 33

Social factors that affect health and illness such as social class and poverty, education, race, and gender.

Question 34

Environmental Racism

Answer 34

The tendency for hazardous waste sites and polluting industries to be located in areas where the surrounding racial population is an ethnic or racial minority.

Question 35

Telemedicine

Answer 35

Using information and communication technologies to deliver a wide range of health screeches, including diagnosis, treatment, prevention, health support and information, and education of health-care workers.