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J - SOC 203 > Poverty: National and International Issues > Flashcards

Poverty: National and International Issues Flashcards

1
Q

10% own __% of total global wealth.

A

86.

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2
Q

__% live on less than $2 per day.

A

25.

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3
Q

What do inequities look at?

A
  • Concentration of wealth in 1%.
  • Social and economic inequality.
  • Making economic structures and power relations in society fairer.
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4
Q

Poverty Penalty

A

Penalized for being poor: phenomenon that poor people tend to pay more to eat, buy, and borrow than the wealthy.

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5
Q

Problems with the homeless count.

A
  • Point in time “count” - accurately captures homelessness in its various manifestations.
  • Individuals must self-identify.
  • Concealed homeless.
  • Is one day representative?
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6
Q

Trends in homelessness.

A
  • More men than women.

- Aging homeless population.

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7
Q

What did Hans-Georg Gadamer say?

A

We are condemned to make meaning.

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8
Q

Empathy

A

The action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another person or group.

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9
Q

What did the game “Spent” demonstrate?

A

That poverty is a no win situation, and the poverty penalty, where money is lost no matter what you do.

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10
Q

Poverty is multidimensional. Explain.

A

Includes dimensions of:

  • Food insecurity.
  • Poor housing.
  • Unemployment.
  • Psychological distress.
  • Powerlessness.
  • Hopelessness.
  • Lack of access to health care, education, transport.
  • Vulnerability.
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11
Q

What is demonstrated by the song “Date With Poverty” by Metal Church?

A

How poverty is multidimensional.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of cheques in “Date With Poverty” by Metal Church?

A

Buying time.

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13
Q

Social Inequality

A

Groups do not have equal social status, class, and networks.

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14
Q

What needs to be understood to understand social inequality? Just know the two broad groups.

A

Income, wealth, power, occupational prestige, schooling, and ancestry, gender, race/ethnicity.

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15
Q

Social Class

A

“Social classification.”

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16
Q

What is the Marxist understanding of poverty.

A

Social class tied to ownership of means of production and authority and expertise, and exploitation of workers.

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17
Q

Why does social class have to be understood differently today than in the past?

A

New forms of: commercial goods and services (i.e. digital, entertainment, sports) & social mobility.

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18
Q

Social Mobility

A

Moving up or down in social class.

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19
Q

Social Stratification

A

Classification of people into groups based on shared socio-economic conditions.

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20
Q

Socio-Economic Status

A

The combination of economic and social circumstances that shape one’s experiences as a member of a given class.

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21
Q

What affects socio-economic status?

A

Occupation (prestige), education, income, power (wealth).

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22
Q

Higher ___ and status in a social hierarchy are likely to coincide.

A

Income.

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23
Q

Greater ___ for those with higher SES.

A

Privileges.

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24
Q

Greater ___ for those with lower SES.

A

Risk.

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25
Q

SES is now more ___ than ever before.

A

Empirical.

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26
Q

Characteristics and rates of poverty depend on how poverty and economic inequality are ___.

A

Defined.

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27
Q

Poverty

A

Traditionally defined as the lack of resources necessary for material well-being.

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28
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

Chronic absences of the basic necessities of life.

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29
Q

Relative Poverty

A

Deficiency in material and economic resources compared with some other population.

30
Q

Measures of Human Poverty

A

Tell us how many or what percentage of people are living in poverty in a given year.

31
Q

Statistics does/doesn’t like to use the word ‘poverty line.’

A

Doesn’t.

32
Q

What tries to measure the multi-dimensionality of poverty?

A

United Nations “Human Poverty Index.”

33
Q

United Nations “Human Poverty Index.”

A
  • Composite measure of poverty.

- Complement to income measures of poverty.

34
Q

What are the 4 measures of deprivation in the United Nations “Human Poverty Index?”

A
  • Life.
  • Knowledge.
  • Living standards.
  • Social exclusion.
35
Q

What are the 2 relative measures of poverty in Canada?

A
  • Low Income Cut-Off (LICO).

- Low-Income Measure (LIM).

36
Q

What is the absolute measure of poverty in Canada?

A

Market Basket Measure (MBM).

37
Q

The way poverty is defined has serious practical consequences, as it determines…

A
  • Who will receive help and who will not.

- What types of social policies and programs are thought necessa

38
Q

What is the income threshold under the LICO?

A

If a family spends more than 63% of pre-tax income on food, clothing, and shelter ten they are in financial difficulty.

39
Q

What does the LICO answer?

A

How many Canadians live in families spending a share of their total post-tax income on food, clothing and shelter twenty percentage points higher than average families of the same size living in communities of comparable size?

40
Q

What does the MBM answer?

A

How many people in Canada live in families which lack the disposable income to purchase the goods and services in the ‘Market Basket’ within their community or community size?

41
Q

What does the LIM answer?

A

How many Canadians have an after-tax income lower than 50% of the adjusted median income for all Canadian economic
families in a given year?

42
Q

There is lower ___ ___ and higher ___ in more equal countries.

A

Health problems, trust.

43
Q

What does the SF perspective say about poverty?

A

Poverty is unavoidable and functional. Meritocracy.

44
Q

Meritocracy

A

Higher pay motivates and rewards the talented and skilled.

45
Q

Which perspective says that poverty provides employment for the poverty industry?

A

SF perspective.

46
Q

Poverty Industry

A

Jobs, markets for used goods.

47
Q

Is meritocracy absolutely false?

A

Likely not.

48
Q

Critique of SF perspective.

A
  • Important and valued work like child care is poorly paid, but sports and entertainment?
  • What about inherited wealth? Affects the distribution of rewards.
49
Q

Conflict Perspective on poverty:

A
  • Owners exploit workers.
  • Education system ‘sells’ idea of equal opportunities through hard work.
  • Laws & policies benefit the wealthy.
50
Q

Corporate Welfare

A

Laws, politice, & regulations economically favour the wealthy — tax breaks, subsidies, low-interest loans.

51
Q

SI Perspective on poverty:

A
  • Labels, meanings, and definitions affect and are affected by social life.
  • Stigma of poverty.
52
Q

Stigma of Poverty

A

Labelled as “poor” equated with being lazy, irresponsible, unmotivated, no moral values.

53
Q

What perspective looks at the psychological consequences of poverty?

A

SI Perspective.

54
Q

What perspective looks at the culture of poverty and the underclass?

A

SI Perspective.

55
Q

Culture of Poverty

A

Norms, values, beliefs, self-concepts that contribute to persistence of poverty in underclass.

56
Q

Underclass

A

Persistently poor, socially disadvantaged.

57
Q

How does a gender-based analysis look at poverty under the feminist perspective?

A
  • Gender is a key feature of vulnerability.

- Seek to understand social structures that contribute to women’s poverty.

58
Q

How does a narrative analysis look at poverty under the feminist perspective?

A

Focus on women’s experiences, with a symbolic approach to data interpretation.

59
Q

Feminization of Poverty

A

Women overrepresented among the poor of the world. More likely than men to live below the poverty line.

60
Q

Give statistics that supports the idea of the feminization of poverty.

A
  • 16.3% of households were lone parent.
  • 4:1 ratio of females to males in lone parent households.
  • More than 50% of lone parent households living in high poverty.
61
Q

Complex Intersectionality

A

People live at the intersection of different contexts.

62
Q

Racialized labour market leads to…

A

“Economic Apartheid.”

63
Q

Who is most vulnerable in economic apartheid?

A

Women in low-end, low income, temporary service sectors.

64
Q

Racialization of Poverty

A

Racialized labour market leading to “Economic Apartheid.”

65
Q

Working Poor

A

Individuals who participate in the labour force (work), but still live in poverty.

66
Q

Intergenerational Poverty

A

Cycle of poverty — transmitted from one generation to the next.

67
Q

Underclass

A

Persistently poor & socially disadvantaged population.

68
Q

‘Mincome’ Experiment conclusions:

A
  • Only new mothers and teenagers worked less.
  • Increased high school graduation rate.
  • Hospital visits dropped by 8.5%.
  • Fewer emergency room visits due to domestic abuse.
  • Reduction in psychiatric hospitalization.
69
Q

What happened during the ‘Mincome’ Experiment?

A

All families in Dauphin, Manitoba were given 60% of LICO. Guaranteed minimum income.

70
Q

What are the 2 international responses to poverty?

A
  1. Promoting economic growth.

2. Investing in human capital.

71
Q

Promoting Economic Growth Perspective

A
  • Dominant perspective.
  • Muhammad Yunus.
  • Micro-credit loans model.
72
Q

Investing in Human Capital Perspective

A
  • Developing skills, opportunities, so that people can make the best possible life for themselves.
  • Amartya Sen.

J - SOC 203 (24 decks)

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