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Sociology > Societal Diversity Flashcards > Flashcards

Societal Diversity Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

determined by biologically inherited traits

A

Race

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2
Q

refers to a common cultural heritage

A

Ethnicity

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3
Q

Use of past deviant behavior as a predictor of future actions

A

Projective labeling

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4
Q

Non-genital differences in sex, such as hormones, height and hair

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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5
Q

A type of feminism that urges sweeping social change, including ending capitalism, because it supports the status quo; focus on economics and politics

A

Socialist feminism

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6
Q

Retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and social protection

A

4 reasons for social punishment

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7
Q

A type of punishment where the offending party is removed from society - for example, being imprisoned.

A

Societal Protection

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8
Q

A social position difference that takes place over several generations

A

Intergenerational mobility

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9
Q

A small Jewish community that attempts to create a utopic society; important principles include gender equality and all members working hard on behalf of the community

A

Kibbutz

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10
Q

Crime committed by those who have high social standing; frequently committed as part of their work; usually non-violent and money-related

A

White collar crime

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11
Q

When the language and/or culture of a group starts to reflect that of another’s

A

Assimilation

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12
Q

The existence of 2 or more groups of people in 1 place; some outcomes include assimilation, miscegenation, segregation, and genocide

A

Pluralism

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13
Q

Believing that some women are pure and should be treated well, while others are bad and hence should be treated poorly

A

Ambivalent sexism

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14
Q

Purposefully killing a specific group of people

A

Genocide

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15
Q

Describes people with an unusual chromosomal makeup, such as XYY or XXX; traditional is XX (women) and XY (men)

A

Intersexed

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16
Q

Monogamous relationships are between 2 people, whereas polygamous ones are among more than 2

A

Monogamy vs. polygamy

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17
Q

A group of people that have been subordinated by society and are distinguished by something physical or cultural

A

Social minority

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18
Q

Describes people who are sexually attracted to both women and men

A

Bisexual

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19
Q

By U.S. law, men cannot be raped and people are unclear on the concept; sexual violence is seen as a crime of strength, and men seen as stronger than women; there are fewer resources for men

A

Reasons sexual violence against men might not be discussed

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20
Q

Something someone does that is viewed as breaking a societal or cultural norm

A

Deviance

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21
Q

Belief that men are fundamentally superior to women

A

Old-fashioned sexism

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22
Q

affect prejudice
behavior discrimination
cognition stereotypes

A

Components of the ABC Model

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23
Q

a group or business that deals in illegal goods or services

A

Organized crime

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24
Q

Societal punishment for those who commit crimes that involves helping change their ways to prevent future rule-breaking

A

Rehabilitation

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25
Q

When punishment is used to try and convince people that committing their crime would not be worth the consequence

A

Deterrence

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26
Q

Separating groups of people from each other using legal means

A

Segregation

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27
Q

Mixing of races by way of procreation

A

Miscegenation

28
Q

Belief that (1) sexism is no longer an issue, (2) as such, programs designed to help women are pointless and (3) sexism claims are just made to cause trouble

A

Modern sexism

29
Q

Internal and external genitalia

A

Primary sex characteristics

30
Q

Describes a person who is sexually attracted to people of the same sex

A

Homosexual

31
Q

A closed social stratification system where a person’s caste is hereditary

A

Caste system

32
Q

When a society continually gives advantages to one sex

A

Institutional sexism

33
Q

A type of feminism that focuses on the ways society rewards masculine behavior, and how it could be improved by promoting feminine behavior

A

Cultural feminism

34
Q

Describes people who are sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex

A

Heterosexual

35
Q

A form of sexual harassment where someone wants something in exchange for sex

A

Quid pro quo harassment

36
Q

(1) It is a trait of society; (2) continues from generation to generation; (3) it exists in all societies, but is structured differently; (4) related to both inequality and beliefs

A

4 principles of social stratification

37
Q

The theory that people become prejudiced as a method of making them feel better about themselves by making their own identity more attractive.

A

Social identity theory

38
Q

Sex describes the way women and men are biologically different. Gender describes how masculine or feminine a person feels.

A

Sex vs. Gender

39
Q

A change in social status that happens in one person’s lifetime

A

Intragenerational mobility

40
Q

Theory that sexuality is flexible and works on a sliding scale between completely heterosexual and completely homosexual with bisexuality in the middle; popularized by Alfred Kinsey

A

Sexual orientation scale

41
Q

Believing that women are more pure than men and should be treated delicately

A

Benevolent sexism

42
Q

A type of feminism that believes in the complete elimination of the concept of gender; most extreme form of feminism

A

Radical feminism

43
Q

The belief that all individuals should have equality; most common type of modern feminism

A

Liberal feminism

44
Q

A way for people to blame other people for their own issues

A

Scapegoat theory

45
Q

A system of social stratification which is open and organizes society into classes that have access to different resources

A

Class system

46
Q

Crimes committed by the average American; large range, but often highly visual and disproportionately punished

A

Blue collar crime

47
Q

Crimes committed by a company or someone on behalf of that company

A

Corporate crime

48
Q

When society punishes someone who has committed a crime in such a way that they suffer as much as the suffering that occurred as a result of their crime

A

Retribution

49
Q

a relationship involving one man and more than one woman

A

Polygyny

50
Q

a relationship involving one woman and more than one man

A

polyandry

51
Q

The belief that women like to control men; characterized by bitterness and anger

A

Hostile sexism

52
Q

Type of sexual harassment that can include gestures, words, or other acts that make someone feel uncomfortable

A

Hostile environment

53
Q

that the culture and structure of society itself pressures individuals to be criminally deviant.

A

Robert Merton’s strain theory

54
Q

that deviance is a natural and necessary part of society

A

Emile Durkheim’s deviance theory

55
Q

an initial violation of a social norm about which no inference is made regarding a person’s character, have little reaction from others and so have little effect on a person’s self-concept.

A

Primary deviance

56
Q

when a person repeatedly violates a social norm, gets such a strong reaction from others that the individual is typically shunned and excluded from certain social groups.

A

secondary deviance

57
Q

a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person’s self-concept and social identity.

A

stigma

58
Q

social stratification in which status is ascribed from birth.

A

closed system

59
Q

a change in position within the social hierarchy.

A

social mobility

60
Q

status is achieved through merit or effort.

A

open system

61
Q

Looking for suitable marriage partners outside of one’s group is a cultural practice

A

exogamy

62
Q

defined as sexual relationships or marriage between people of the same social group.

A

endogamy

63
Q

is an action that denies the rights of a person due to their membership in a group.

A

Discrimination

64
Q

a feeling about a person based on their membership in a group.

A

Prejudice

65
Q

a belief about a certain group of people.

A

stereotype

Sociology (11 decks)

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