Economics & Politics in Sociology Flashcards
In this type of government only a small number of people or a powerful group holds the power.
Oligarchy
Authoritarian governments do NOT allow their citizens to participate in any way in the government. People are expected to obey their leaders no matter what.
Authoritarianism
Serve an important social service Secure a professional career Demonstrate loyalty to society Require special training Draw members from a specific group
Profession Characteristics
The economy is comprised of buyers and sellers.
The goal in the economy is to increase profit.
Limited government oversight is allowed.
Continual production is expected.
Characteristics of Capitalism
A theory created by Immanuel Wallerstein that believes the world is divided into three kinds of countries which are not treated equally: core, periphery, and semi-periphery.
World Systems Theory
A form of government where leadership and power is inherited which was very common in the past but less so today. The two types are absolute and constitutional.
Monarchy
A part of the modern economy that includes high-level decision makers such as media executives, university presidents, and CEOs.
Quinary Sector of the Economy
Limited opportunities for individualism
Can lead to a static economy
Consumers have fewer choices from which to choose
Disadvantages of Socialism
Political parties in the U.S. include the dominant Republican and Democratic Parties as well as third parties, such as the Libertarian Party, the Constitution Party, and the Green Party.
Major U.S. Political Parties
This theory deals with the struggle for economic power and the struggle between social classes. This theory posits that the government controls ideas, education, property, and the state.
Marxist Social Power Theory
This sector of the economy deals with buying and selling services. Currently around 80% of the workforce is part of this service industry.
Tertiary Sector of the Economy
These committees, known as PACs, try to bring about political change by using money to influence politicians or political parties.
Political Action Committee
This economic sector deals with intellectual activities like information technology, research, and education.
Quaternary Sector of the Economy
In the world systems theory, they are powerful and capitalist. They are able to exploit peripheral countries and maintain the status quo with their power.
Core Countries
The less powerful group in a pluralist social model. These groups can include PACs and activists who lack political power.
Outsider Group
involves the extraction of raw materials from the earth.
primary sector
involves the transformation of raw materials into goods.
secondary sector
is comprised of highly skilled or well-educated members.
primary labor market
is mostly women and minorities.
secondary labor market
exists when the monarch has no or few legal limitations in political matters.
Absolute monarchy
are more common, exist when the monarch retains a distinctive legal and ceremonial role but exercises limited or no political power.
Constitutional monarchies
is all about negotiation, and power is distributed among competing interest groups.
pluralist model
the majority of the power is held by the wealthy. In this case, the wealthy refers to businesses, government, and the military.
power-elite model
are generally characterized as more conservative in their views, and they tend to support policies that reduce federal regulations, strengthen the military, and boost capitalist endeavors.
Republicans
are generally characterized as more liberal in their views and support policies to strengthen social services, protect the environment, and make businesses accountable.
Democrats
is an individual or a group of individuals that are hired to influence government officials, legislators, and agencies based on the best interests of their clients
lobbyist
when a voter feels that his or her vote doesn’t matter, so they lose interest in the political process and stop voting.
Voter apathy
dominate and exploit peripheral countries.
Core countries
are dependent on the core countries for capital.
Peripheral countries
share characteristics of both core and peripheral.
semi-peripheral countries
