Institutions of Sociology Flashcards
The second stage of traditional family life, during which couples legally unite in order to begin a family.
The marriage stage of traditional family life
Refers to objects or experiences which are holy in nature.
Sacred
A system of family lineage which traces descent through only the maternal side of the family.
Matrilineal descent
A post-marital living arrangement located with or near the female’s side of the family.
Matrilocality
A family lineage system which traces descent through only the paternal side of the family.
Patrilineal descent
The fourth largest religion in the world, and an example of a nontheistic religion.
Buddhism
A pseudo-religious loyalty which binds individuals in secular fashion. It exemplifies the impact of religion on non-religious aspects of society.
Civil religion
Diseases characterized by dangerously unhealthy eating tendencies, the most common of which include anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Many times more prevalent in women than men.
Eating disorders
Describes a couple that lives with or near the male’s family following marriage.
Patrilocality
In Western societies, this is a type of family which consists of a pair of adults and their children.
Nuclear family
Refers to a function which is clear, obvious, and intended.
Manifest function
A form of public health insurance in the United States. It distributes tax dollars to the elderly and disabled.
Medicaid
A disbelief in the existence of any god or deity.
Atheism
An organization which arranges and provides full medical care to subscribers, in exchange for for a fixed cost. In certain cases, it also requires referrals from healthcare professionals.
Health Maintenance Organization
Marriage which consists of more than two partners. It is considered a form of non-traditional family or household.
Polygamy
The traditional familial pattern, as studied by sociologists, which includes the stages of courtship, marriage, child rearing, and aging.
Four basic stages of traditional family life
Refers to the steady increase in credential requirements in the labor market, especially in higher-income nations.
Creeping credentialism
A neutral post-marital living arrangement, located closest to neither side of the marriage.
Neolocality
In Western societies, this type of family consists of two or more nuclear families that are related.
Extended family
Refers to a function which is generally not explicit or intended.
Latent function
The perspective which posits that the existence of a deity is unknown and unknowable. They are not concerned with proving the existence of God, as they believe this to be an impossible feat.
Agnosticism
Refers to an object or an experience which is ordinary, and not holy or sacred in nature.
Profane
Refers to religions that do not emphasize a belief in any particular deity or deities, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism.
Nontheistic religions
A family lineage system which traces descent through both the maternal and paternal sides of the family.
Bilateral Descent
The perspective that one or more deities exist. It is at the core of most religions.
Theism
Otherwise known as socialized medicine, this system entails government ownership and control of medical facilities and services. It exists in Canada and the U.K., though not the United States.
Universal health care
A Christian political movement which advocates liberation from unfair social, political, and economic conditions. It is a combination of political activism and Christian principles.
Liberation theology
Formal, ceremonial behaviors which have religious significance.
Rituals
A phenomenon which demonstrates the effectiveness of a positive self-fulfilling prophecy in achieving one’s target.
Pygmalion effect
belief in a single god and includes religions like Christianity and Judaism.
Monotheism
Physical and/or psychological abuse, financial exploitation, medical abuse, and neglect are all forms.
Elder abuse
belief in multiple gods and includes religions like Hinduism and Wicca.
Polytheism
a type of religious organization that is largely outside a society’s cultural traditions. Forms around one highly charismatic individual who offers a brand new religion.
cult
a type of religious organization that stands apart from the larger society. It is typically a small, exclusive group that has formed as a breakaway group from an established religious organization.
sect
the most widespread religion in the world.
Christianity
All three of these religions believe in the same God, who is all-knowing, all-seeing, and all-powerful. However, their other beliefs, ideologies, and doctrine differ greatly. Three of the most well-known monotheistic religions.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
an organization that provides or arranges comprehensive medical care to subscribers for a fixed fee. An individual makes regular payments in order to be a member of the organization, which in turn pays a portion of the member’s medical expenses. However, the member must choose a primary care physician that acts as a kind of gatekeeper for medical care.
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
an organization that consists of a group of medical providers that offer their services to specific groups of patients at discount prices. Require a membership fee, although it’s normally higher. The member does not have to select a primary care physician. Instead, the member can see any doctor but receives significant discounts by using doctors within the network.
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
