Social Change Flashcards
The theory that people form crowds because they want to act in a specific way; opposite of contagion theory, which says crowds actually cause the behavior
Convergence theory
Both sociology and anthropology study society, but anthropology specifically focuses on change over time
Relationship between sociology and anthropology
1830-1890
Time period of America’s Industrial Revolution
(Births - Deaths) + (Immigrants - Emigrants)
Calculation for Population Growth Rate
A type of migration when a person leaves the country of their birth to settle in a different country.
Emigration
Field of social science which studies the causes and effects of population changes
Demography
A crowd of people that is easily convinced to use violence or aggression in their solution to a problem
Mob
Moving from general ease to well-define discontent, including a better understanding of who/what is causing the discontent; plans are developed and implemented
Coalescence Stage 2 of a social movement
When big groups of people settle in small, concentrated areas, creating cities
Urbanization
Social movements that want to cause radical change by replacing the existing social order
Revolutionary social movements
Paid members replace volunteers, a clear chain of command and authority develops, and additional fundraising occurs; can also include a loss of focus or money
Bureaucratization Stage 3 of a social movement
Available jobs in new industries; higher wages for industrial labor than agriculture; new inventions like the typewriter and light bulb; religious persecution; cheap farmland
Factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolutions in the US and England
Casual - loose & spontaneous
Conventional - deliberate planning with defined norms
Expressive - formed around a specific, emotional, event
Acting - enthusiastic & involved with achieving a goal
4 types of crowds
Information that has not been verified and is informally passed between people
Rumor
The movement begins to ebb and come to an end, for many possible different reasons
Decline Stage 4 of a social movement
Emergent Norm
Contagion Theory + Convergence Theory = _____ Theory
- Emergence
- Coalescence
- Bureaucratization
- Decline
4 Stages of social movements
A type of social movement that looks to change only some specific attributes of a society, not the entirety of how society functions
Reformative Social Movement
An occurrence when multiple people suffer from the same kinds of symptoms of hysteria.
Mass hysteria
Preliminary stage with almost no organization; potential members of the movement are unhappy but haven’t yet acted
Emergence Stage 1 of a social movement
A type of social movement that looks to affect total personal transformation; often religious in nature
Redemptive Social Movement
Robert K. Merton’s theory to explain deviance; states that crime is an expected response to the inability to obtain economic success in American society
Structure Strain Theory
A society that forms because of a mutual goal
Gesellshaft
Destructive consequences humans have on the natural environment
Environmental issues
Theory that states the behavior of a specific crowd has special social norms which are created by the members of that crowd
Emergent Norm Theory
