Societal Change and Regional Issues Flashcards
What was the nobility like??
Noble peerage of ‘Duke’ carried inherent dangers:
Four ducal titles (‘Somerset, Northumberland, Suffolk & Norfolk) - all met bloody ends
Post 1572: Elizabeth careful to make no more dukes
Lower peerage focused less on gaining titles, instead focusing on building grand houses - Royal Progresses
Burghley House - Lord Burghley of Northamptonshire (Cecil) - 1571
Wilton House (Earl of Pembroke - Wiltshire)
What was society like??
Wealth gap widened
Formation of consumer society appeared
Landed incomes increased (especially after 1570)
Poor became more exposed to enclosures and decline in real wages
Used Monopolies to keep them in line
What was the population??
Population: Approx. 4 million by 1600
Majority still live in countryside
London: 150,000 people
Acted as magnet for migration from around the country
Provincial powers: Bristol & Norwich
No other area exceeding 5000 people
1 million overall and 50,000 under Henry VIII
Poor relief??
Act of 1572 - local taxpayers pay rate for their poor
Poor Law Act 1576 - Local administarion have to find jobs for deserving poor
Poor Law Act 1601- binds poor relief to church ( distribution + collection ) - lasts 250 years
Deserving Poor - deserving of relief
Undeserving Poor - undeserving of relief ( nusiance )
Impotent Poor - couldnt work
What 3 areas of england caused her the most issues??
Wales, Ireland and north of england
Context of english peace??
England much more unified State than France or Spain
More Peaceful (Only Northern Rebellion)
Focus on country houses instead of castles suggests social order
Still some issues though in border regions
What did she do for ireland??
Approach: Subject Ireland to ‘Englishness’
1560: Elizabeth becomes head of Church of Ireland - but limited control over catholic population
“Get rich quick’ mentality and use of martial law angered Irish and Old English settlers
Frequent rebellions:
1569-1573
1579-1582 - Spanish
Never been a unified state
What was the nine year war??
1595-1603
Battle of Yellow Ford - 98 and killed Bagenal - humiliation and they are an actual threat
Organised - clear aim and proper battle with irish lord - professional armies and we lost
1601 -Battle of Kinsale - had 3500 spanish and we won - effectivly ended the rebellion
IMPORTANT
What was the earl of sessex??
He led a big army and lost then tried to make peace using lizs authoity which he doesnt have - came back to england was oztrizied from court and started a small rebellion
Northen and welsh relations??
North - scots independence of scotland was threat to border
Noble control in north ended by H8 - liz countinued this
Welsh - Culterally still different but not a problem cause of H8 laws - aimed to consolidate intergration of wales
