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MCAT Psych/Soc > Social Thinking > Flashcards

Social Thinking Flashcards

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1
Q

Interpersonal Attraction and factors that affect

A

Individuals liking each other: Similarity, Self-Disclosure, Reciprocity, and Proximity

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2
Q

What’s considered Physically Attractive

A

Golden body ratios and symmetrical faces

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3
Q

Attraction of Similarity

A

More attracted to people who are similar to us in any way. (can even be complimentary)

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4
Q

Self-Disclosure

A

Ability to share one’s thoughts and emotions and being met with nonjudgmental empathy. (has to be met by other person)

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5
Q

Reciprocal Liking

A

People like others better when they believe the other person likes them.

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6
Q

Attraction of Proximity

A

Just being physically close to someone leads to higher attraction.

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7
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

More frequent exposure leads to someone preferring it more.

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8
Q

Aggression and Related Biological + Social Factors

A

Behavior that is intended to cause harm or social dominance.

  • Amygdala + prefrontal cortex: modulate aggression
  • Testosterone = aggressive behaviors.
  • Watching violent media can prime aggression
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9
Q

Cognitive Neoassociation model

A

More likely to respond aggressively when we are frustrated or in pain.

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10
Q

Attachment and the different types SAAD

A

Emotional bond between caregiver and child during infancy.

  1. Secure
  2. Avoidant
  3. Ambivalent
  4. Disorganized
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11
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Secure base: Will explore, distress when leaving, comforted when returning.
If not is called insecure attachment

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12
Q

Avoidant Attachment

A

When caregiver has little to no response to distressed child usually. Little to no distress when caregiver leaves, little to no comfort when returning

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13
Q

Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment

A

Inconsistent response to distress.

Very distressed on separation but mixed response when the caregiver returns. Anxious about realiability

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14
Q

Disorganized Attachment

A

No clear patter of behavior in response. Can react in a mix to return and leaving of caregiver. Caused by erratic or social withdrawal by caregiver – abuse.

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15
Q

Social Support and the Different Types

A

Perception and reality that one is cared for by social network

  • Emotional
  • Esteem
  • Tangible
  • Informational
  • Network
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16
Q

Emotional Support

A

Listening, Affirming, and empathizing with feelings

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17
Q

Esteem support

A

Affirming qualities and skills of a person to bolster confidence.

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18
Q

Material Support

A

Type of financial or material contribution

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19
Q

Informational Support

A

Providing information that helps someone.

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20
Q

Network support

A

Support that gives a sense of belonging.

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21
Q

Benefits of Social Support

A

Less prone to anxiety and depression (mental disorders)
Less prone to go into substance abuse.
Lower mortality rate from different diseases.

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22
Q

Foraging and Aspects

A

Seeking out food and energy at the least cost possible driven by many influences.

  • Hypothalamus
  • Genetics
  • Observational Learning
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23
Q

Mating System

A

Organization of group’s sexual behavior

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24
Q

Monogamy, Polygamy, and Promiscuity

A

Monogamy: only one partner exclusive
Polygamy: Polygyny: multiple women one man
Polyandry: multiple men one women.
Promiscuity: Having mating with anyone without exclusivity.

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25
Q

Mate Choice (intersexual selection)

A

Selection of mate by attraction

26
Q

Mate bias

A

The choosy aspect of selecting a mate that increase a fitness of the species.

27
Q

Indirect vs Direct Benefits

A

Direct benefits: provide material, protection, support

Indirect benefits: promote better genetic survival of offspring

28
Q

Five mechanisms of Mate Choice PSFIG

A

Phenotypic benefits: observable traits that make more attractive
Sensory bias: development of trait to match preexisting preference that exists in the population.
Fisherian runaway: a neutral or harmful trait is sexually selected for overtime.
Indicator traits: signify good health and well-being.
Genetic Compatibility: Complimentary genetics (attraction to others with different genetic makeups)

29
Q

Altruism

A

Form of helping behavior to benefit another to a cost to someone (can have ulterior motives) can be evolutionary favored to benefit the species as a whole.

30
Q

Empathy and the empathy-altruism hypothesis

A

Individual helps the other person the more empathy regardless of cost. (but maybe more benefits > costs)

31
Q

Game Theory (evolutionary)

A

Unconscious decision making to predict interaction and strategies of species of increasing their fitness as a whole.

32
Q

Evolutionary stable strategy

A

A certain ratio of different strategies in which natural selection selecting against any other strategies.

33
Q

Four outcomes of Evolutionary game theory

A
  1. Altruism (-/+)
  2. Spite (-/-) both negatively impacted
  3. Cooperation (+/+)
  4. Selfishness (+/-)
34
Q

Inclusive Fitness

A

Measure of organism’s genetic success in population including himself’ offspring and similar family genetics.

35
Q

Social Perception (cognition)

A

provides the tools to make judgements and impressions regarding other people.

36
Q

Perceiver, Target, and the Situation

A

Perceiver: Influenced by experience, motives, and emotions
Target: Person who is target of our judgement
Situation: Social context determines what information is important.

37
Q

Primacy and Recency Affect of Impression

A

Usually first impressions or most recent information is what determines how we view the person.

38
Q

Reliance on Central Traits

A

Individuals organizing perception of others with traits that are most relevant to the perceiver.

39
Q

Implicit Personality Theory

A

Set of assumptions individuals will make about different types of people and their behaviors. (stereotyping)

40
Q

Halo effect

A

When subsequent judgements about an individual are affected by the overall impression of that individual. can be caused by attractiveness.

41
Q

Just-World Hypothesis

A

Good things happen to good people, bad things to bad people.

42
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

Individuals will attribute positives to dispositional, and negatives to situational about themselves.

43
Q

Self-enhancement and self-verification

A

Self-Enhancement: maintaining self-worth

Self-Verification: seek people who see them as they see themselves.

44
Q

In-group Bias vs Out-group Bias

A

In-group bias: Favoring your group more heavily

Out-group bias: view outside individuals harshly.

45
Q

Attribution theory

A

How individuals infer the causes of other people’s behavior.

46
Q

Consistency, Distinctiveness, and Consensus Cues

A

Consistency: The more consistent the more dispositional
Consensus: deviation of group is dispositional
Distinctiveness: if it varies in different scenarios situational

47
Q

Correspondent Inference Theory

A

Intentionality of other’s behavior can be determinant of attribution.

48
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Tendency to bias that others actions are caused by dispositional rather than situational. (since it’s easier to assume its the person rather than guess the situation)

49
Q

Attribute Substitution

A

Individuals must make judgements that are complex but apply a simple heuristic.

50
Q

Individualism vs Collectivism

A

Individualist equate success to self, failure to group

Collectivists equate success to group, failure to self.

51
Q

Stereotypes

A

The cognition component of expectations, impressions, and opinions about members of a group.

52
Q

Stereotype Content Model and the four outcomes

A

Decide stereotypes through two dimensions: warmth and competence.
Warm/Low Competence: paternalistic (ignored)
Warm/High Competence: admiration
Cold/Low Competence: Contemptuous (homeless)
Cold/High Competence: Envious (rich people)

53
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

False expectations can create conditions that cause the expectation to become a reality.

54
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

When a negative stereotype pressures an individual which causes them to reduce performance on a task.

55
Q

Prejudice

A

Affective component attitude against something.

56
Q

Propaganda

A

Public attempt to arouse prejudice against others.

57
Q

Power, Prestige, and Class

A

Power: Ability of people to achieve goals against obstacles.
Prestige: Level of respect shown by others
Class: Socioeconomic status.

58
Q

Ethnocentrism vs Cultural Relativity

A

Ethnocentrism: Making judgements about other cultures based on your own culture.
Cultural relativism: Recognition that social groups and cultures should be studied on their own terms.

59
Q

Discrimination

A

Prejudicial attitudes cause differential treatment towards others.

60
Q

Individual vs Institutional Discrimination

A

Individual: one person discriminating against a group
Institutional: Discrimination by an entire institution (harder to remove)

MCAT Psych/Soc (11 decks)

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