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MCAT Psych/Soc > Motivation, Emotion, Stress > Flashcards

Motivation, Emotion, Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Extrinsic Motivation and Example

A

Rewards or punishment avoiding for showing desired behavior. (Studying for MCAT = 528)

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2
Q

Intrinsic Motivation and Example

A

Interest in a task or pure enjoyment in (I love science)

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3
Q

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation relationship

A

Intrinsic motivation is better and longer lasting. Extrinsic motivation can also reduce an intrinsic motivation in something.

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4
Q

Instinct Theory

A

Evolutionary programmed instincts can cause certain motivations. (Innate fixed pattern)

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5
Q

Arousal Theory and Yerkes-Dodson law

A

Behaviors are motivated to optimal arousal. Optimal arousal is a U-shape where best at intermediate. (Lower good for cognitive, higher good for physical activities) (simple lower, complex higher)

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6
Q

Drive Reduction Theory

A

Behaviors are motivated to reduce drive within ourselves (internal tension)

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7
Q

Primary and Secondary Drives

A

Primary drive: homeostasis procedures (negative feedback)

Secondary drive: Learned drives and emotions

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8
Q

Primary and Secondary Needs

A

Primary needs: physiological needs

Secondary needs: mental states like a desire for power, achievement, or social belonging.

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9
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Five groups (physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization) that must be satisfied in order before moving onto next priority.

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10
Q

Self-Determination Theory

A

Three universal needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These must be met to have healthy relationships with oneself and others.

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11
Q

Incentive Theory

A

Behavior is incentivized by rewards/avoiding punishments.

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12
Q

Expectancy-value Theory

A

Amount of motivation = individual’s expectations of success + degree of how much he values it.

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13
Q

Biological - Sociocultural Standards of Motivation

A

Eating affected by biological processes as well as sociocultural factors (weight gain/loss, aesthetic, culture of eating etc) Drugs affected by socioeconomic etc.

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14
Q

Opponent-Process Theory

A

Body tries to counteract drug by building tolerance (decreased arousal to stimulant ex.) this causes withdrawal –> physical dependence on drug

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15
Q

Sexual motivation

A

Affected by physiological reactions (hormones) (same in men and women), cognition, and cultural and social factors.

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16
Q

Three Elements of Emotion

A
  1. Physiological Response (ANS) 2. Behavioral Response 3. Cognitive Response
17
Q

Universal Emotions

A

Happiness, Sadness, Surprised, Anger, Disgust, Contempt, Fear – supports an evolutionary perspective where facial expression is universally recognized.

18
Q

Evolutionary Perspective of Emotions

A

Emotion is a functional program for dealing with problems, different emotions evolved throughout history.

19
Q

James-Lange Theory and Example

A
  1. Physiological Response -> 2. Emotion (ex. decreased ANS would lead to decreased emotion?)
20
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory and Example

A
  1. Simultaneous Physiological response and emotion 2. Behavior (ex. snake evokes afraid and heart race)
21
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

Nerve that connects peripheral organs back to CNS (some feedback loop communication)

22
Q

Schacter-Singer Theory and Example

A
  1. Appraisal of Physiological response (sourcing) 2. Emotion (ex. epinephrine injection and TV)
23
Q

Limbic System and Structures

A

Set of structures that involve emotions and motivation

  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Amygdala
  3. Thalamus
  4. Hippocampus (HAT Hippo)
  5. Cerebral cortex and others
24
Q

Amygdala (Emotions)

A

Process environment and detects surroundings for emotion. Fear and human emotion via facial expression.

25
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory switch board that routes sensory information

26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Synthesize hormones and neurotransmitters to regulate the ANS

27
Q

Hippocampus

A

Forms memory (emotional memories)

28
Q

Implicit and Explicit Memory of Emotion

A

Implicit Memory is the emotional memory (feeling the emotion again in similar situation) Explicit memory is the story of emotional experience.

29
Q

Right vs Left Lobe for interpretations

A

Left is + emotions, right is - emotions (prefrontal cortex)

Right more responsible for facial expression (temporal lobe)

30
Q

Prefrontal cortex and the different portions

A

Dorsal - attention and cognition
Ventral - connection with emotion areas of brain
Ventromedial - decision making and emotional control

31
Q

Cognitive Appraisal (Primary and Secondary)

A

Primary: determining if the threat is irrelevant, positive, or harmful
Secondary: if harmful, seeing if the organism can deal with the threat (initial harm, overtime threat, overcoming the challenge)

32
Q

Reappraisal

A

Constant appraising to certain situations such as being stalked.

33
Q

Types of Stressors

A
  1. Environmental
  2. Daily events
  3. Workplace/Academics
  4. Social Expectations
  5. Chemical/Biological
  6. Ambient
34
Q

Distress/Eustress

A
  1. Distress - unpleasant stressor

2. Eustress - positively-perceived stressor (a challenge)

35
Q

Social Readjustment rating scale

A

Lifestyle changes leads to stress (can be measured by “life change units”

36
Q

Psychological factors that affect Stress

A
  1. Control over situation
  2. Predictability o the results
  3. Frustration
  4. Conflict (approach-approach, approach-avoidance, avoidance-avoidance)
37
Q

Stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (Physiological)

A
  1. Alarm - initial response SNS arousal + cortisol by CRF -> ACTH -> cortisol
  2. Resistance - continuous hormone release cause engagement to fighting stressor
  3. Exhaustion - body cannot maintain elevated and susceptible to damage and deterioration.
38
Q

Mental and Behavioral Response to Stress

A

Depression, anxiety, withdrawal from social situations, moody, tense, irritable. More prone to disorders

39
Q

Coping Stratagies

A
  1. Problem-Focused: dealing with the stressor
  2. Emotion-focused: changing perspective about stressor
  3. Negative ways: drug and alcohol
  4. Lifestyle: exercise and meditation

MCAT Psych/Soc (11 decks)

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