Social Interaction Flashcards
Social Statuses
Positions in society that are used to classify individuals. (not all personal characteristics)
Ascribed Status, Achieved Status and Master Status
Involuntarily given status (usually at birth) determined by the factors surrounding your birth.
Status gained in result of one’s effort or choices
Master Status is the status that the person is most identified as (most important)
Roles, Role Performance, Role Set
Sets of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define expectations of those of a status.
Carrying out those roles
Various roles associated with the status
Role Partner
The person who we interact with for a given role (can change within a role (nurses, patients))
Role Conflict vs Role Strain
Role Conflict: When we have difficulty in satisfying requirements or expectations of multiple roles.
Role Strain: Difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role.
Role Exit
Dropping an identity for another.
Social group
2+ people who share any number of similar characteristics as well as some unity. (dyads, triads)
In-Group and Out-groups
In-group: social group that you are a member in
Out-group: social group in which you are not.
Group Conflict
When in-group and out-group compete can be either negative feelings toward out-group or favoritism for in-group.
Peer group and Family group
Group of self-selected equals associated by similar traits. (friendships)
Not self-selected and determined by marriage, births.
Reference Group
the group used as a standard for evaluating oneself
Primary Group vs Secondary Group
Interactions between members direct and close bonds
Interactions are more impersonal and professional temporary groups to achieve a common goal.
Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (community and Society)
Community: groups unified by feelings of togetherness
Society: less personal groups for self-interest
Interaction Process Analysis
Technique for observing, classifying and measuring interactions within small groups.
System for multiple level observation of groups (SYMLOG)
Three fundamental dimensions of interaction: dominance vs. submission, friendliness vs unfriendliness, instrumentally controlled vs emotionally expressive
Group Conformity and GroupThink
Individuals become compliant with a group even if it may contrast with their individual beliefs
Groupthink: when members focus on reaching a consensus at the cost of critical evaluation of relevant information.
Networks and network redundancy
Observable pattern of social relationships among individuals or groups.
Network Redundancy: When there are overlapping connections with the same individual.
Immediate vs Distant Networks
Immediate Networks: Dense with strong tie s (friends)
Distant Networks: Looser and contain weaker ties (acquaintances)
Organization
Secondary groups that are set up to achieve a specific goal and characterized with structure and culture
Formal Organization
Organization that maximizes efficiency and enforcement procedures to control members
Characteristic Institution
Basic organization of society (family) –> bureaucracy
Bureaucracy
Rational system of political organization.
- Specialization
- Organization Hierarchy
- Written Rules and Organization
- Impersonality (unbiased judgement)
- Employment based upon technical qualifications
Iron Law of Oligarchy
Democratic systems naturally shift to becoming ruled by an elite group. (higher ups more likely to influence system to favor themselves)
McDonaldization
Focus in shifting toward predictability, efficiency, calculability, and control in societal practices.
Self-Presentation
Process of displaying ourselves to society via verbally and visually.
Basic model of emotional expression
Charles Darwin suggested that emotional expression was consistent with evolution and similar across cultures.
Appraisal model
Biologically predetermined expressions once emotion is experienced but there is a different cognitive antecedent.
Social Construction Model
No biological basis for emotion, based on experiences and situational contexts alone. Emotion deeply connected with social norms
Display rules
Cultural expectations of emotions (when they should be expressed etc)
Cultural Syndrome
Set of shared beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of the same culture organized around a theme (individualism).
Impression Management
Attempts to influence how others perceive us (regulating and controlling information we present via social interactions)
Authentic self, ideal self, and tactical self
Authentic self: who the person actual is
Ideal Self: Who we’d like to be ideally
Tactical self: who we market ourselves to be when society wants us to be something.
Self-Disclosure
Saying who you are to other people
Managing appearances
Props, appearance, and emotions to associate yourself with your positive sef
Ingratiation
Using flattery to win over someone
Aligning actions
Making questionable behavior acceptable with excuses
Alter-casting
Imposing identity onto another person
Dramaturgical Approach (Goffman) and the two selves
People are doing a theatrical performance to create and control how others view them
Front stage self: persona presented to audiences (many front stages)
Back stage self: true identity and where they get to prepare for their front stage selves.
Me and I
Me is considering generalized other which is individual’s perception of what society wants of them
I is the actual impulse and wants.
Me shapes I.
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
Verbal: transmission of information using words or written language.
Nonverbal: communication without words, prosody, eye, body language etc.
Animal Communication
Behavior of one animal that affects the behavior or other (within or out species) body language, speech, visual displays, pheromones
