Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Psych/Soc > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Biomedical vs. Biopsychosocial Approach

A

Biomedical: Purely biological disturbances with biomedical nature. (narrow approach)
Biopsychosocial: There are biological, social, and psychological approach to individual disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Direct vs Indirect Therapy

A

Direct Therapy: treatment that acts directly on individual

Indirect Therapy: Aims to increase social support by educating family and friends.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

A

Diagnostic tool in the United States listing the symptoms of each mental disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychotic Disorder Symptoms

A

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized thought and behavior (+ and - symptoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Positive and Negative Symptoms

A

Positive Symptoms: Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings added to normal behavior (Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized thoughts and behavior).
Negative Symptom: Affect and Avolition (absence of normal or desired behavior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Delusions of Reference

A

False belief that common elements in environment is directed toward the individual (TV talking to him)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Delusions of Persecution

A

Belief that individual is being interfered and threatened.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Delusions of Grandeur

A

Belief that person is a some significant person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thought Broadcasting

A

Belief that one’s thoughts are directly broadcast to the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thought Withdrawal and Insertion

A

The belief that thoughts are being removed or placed in one’s head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hallucinations

A

Perceptions not due to external stimuli but seem real to the person perceiving them (auditory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Disorganized Thought (World salad and neologisms)

A

Loosening of associations.
Word salad: patient speech is just a bunch of random words.
Neologisms: inventing new words.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Disorganized Behavior (catatonia echolalia/echopraxia)

A

Inability to carry out activities of daily living.
Catatonia: Certain motor behaviors, rigid and bizarre movements
-echolalia: repeating people’s words/echopraxia: repeating people’s actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Affect (blunting, emotional flattening, inappropriate affect)

A

Experience and display of emotion can be caused by antipsychotics.

  • blunting: severe reduction of intensity of expression
  • emotional flattening: no sign of emotion.
  • inappropriate affect: affect is inappropriate in context.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Avolition

A

Decreased engagement in goal-directed actions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Schizophrenia and Diagnosis

A

Break between individual and reality (6 months), and one month of positive symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phases of Schizophrenia

A

Prodromal Phase: deterioration and social withdrawal, role dysfunction.
Active Phase: psychotic symptoms displayed (schizophrenia) slower it develops harder to diagnose
Residual Phase: after an active episode with mental clarity when individual becomes aware.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

Personality disorder with psychotic symptoms (usually personality first) Odd eccentric, reference thinking, magical belief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Delusion Disorder

A

Psychotic symptoms limited to delusions (1 month)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

Positive psychotic symptoms appear (<1 day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

Schizophrenia for only 1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

Major mood episodes (depressive + mania) w/ psychotic symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Depressive Disorders

A

Characterized by feelings of negative emotions causing significant distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

9 Depressive Symptoms (sadness + SIG E. CAPS)

A

Sadness: Depressed mood, feelings of sadness
Sleep: Insomnia or Hypersomnia
Interest: Anhedonia
Guilt: Feeling of inappropriate guilt or worthlessness
Energy: depressed energy
Concentration: Decrease in ability to concentrate
Appetite: changed in diet (5%+ weight change)
Psychomotor: Psychomotor retardation and agitation (restlessness and slowed movements)
Suicidal thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Distress caused by Presence of Major Depressive episode (2 week) in where 5/9 of depressive symptoms are encountered with anhedonia OR depressed mood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)

A

Experiences a majority of 2 years in depressed mood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A

(ages 6-10), persistent and recurrent emotional irritability in multiple environments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

Mood changes occurring a few days before and after menes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder and Light Therapy

A

Depression caused by dark winter months, common therapy is to expose patients with bright light during the day.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Postpartum Depression

A

Rapid change in hormones after birth cause depressive symptoms.

31
Q

Manic Symptoms

A

Exaggerated elevation in mood, with goal-driven hyperactivity.

32
Q

DIG FAST

A

Distractibility: Inability to remain focused
Irresponsibility: Engaging in risky activities w/o future actions
Grandiosity: Exaggerated increase in self-esteem
Flight of Thoughts: Racing thought (rapid speech)
Activity: increase goal-orientated activities
Sleep: decreased need for sleep
Talkative: exaggerated desire to sleep

33
Q

Hypomanic vs Manic Episode

A

Hypomanic (4 days) 3/7 symptoms and not severe enough

Manic: (7 days) 3/7 and severe to impair

34
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A

Presence of manic episodes only (can have depressive)

35
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A

Presence of hypomania and depressive episodes.

36
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

Presence of symptoms of mania and depression but not severe enough for episodes. Majority of 2 year period.

37
Q

Monoamine Theory of Depression

A

Norepinephrine and Serotonin too much in Mania, too little in Depression

38
Q

Anxiety and Anxiety Disorder

A

Anxiety: fear of upcoming event

Anxiety Disorder: irrational and excessive fear affect daily functioning.

39
Q

Phobias and Specific Phobia

A

Specific phobia: fear and anxiety produced by specific objects or situation. (immediate and irrational no thoughts)

40
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

Being separated from an individual cause them to worry and be anxious (past age of normalcy)

41
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Social phobia because people think they will be viewed negatively by others (embarrassed or negatively perceived) Avoidant behavior to impairement

42
Q

Selective Mutism

A

Associated with SAD and inability to talk when speaking is expected (usually uncomfortable and high tension)

43
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Recurrence of unexpected panic attacks (sudden urge of losing control of body and death) excessive activation of the SNS causing impairing social anxiety

44
Q

Expected and Unexpected Panic Attacks

A

If there is a specific trigger, or if it is random.

45
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in places with difficulty of escape (may stem from having panic attack or embarrassment) usually diagnosed with panic, SAD, and phobias

46
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Disproportionate and persistent worry about things in general (6 months) Suffers from exhaustion issues.

47
Q

Obsessive-Compulsion Disorder

A

Obsessions: intrusive and persistent thought of need that produce anxiety or something bad will happen
Compulsions: the rule of action or behavior to alleviate that obsession induced stress.
this cycle becomes super impairing

48
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Muscle Dysmorphia

A

Preoccupation of a unrealistic negative evaluated body part (attractiveness). This can cause for cosmetic surgeries.
Muscle Dysmorphia: believes their body to be too small.

49
Q

Hoarding Disorder

A

Obsession to hoard items (maybe it’ll become useful)

50
Q

Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder

A

Trichotillomania: Desire to pull one’s hair
Excoriation Disorder: Desire to pick at skin
* failing to stop themselves from doing it

51
Q

IAAN of PTSD

A

Intrusion: recurrent reliving of the event, flashbacks, nightmares, thoughts. (CC)
Arousal: increased startle, jittery, anxiety (CC)
Avoidance: deliberate attempts to avoid objects associate with the trauma (OC)
Negative Cognitive: Repressed memories, negative view and mood

52
Q

PTSD or acute stress disorder

A

IAAN symptoms for < 1 month, if less its ASD

53
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Avoid stress by escaping from parts of their identity but still perceive reality.

54
Q

Dissociative amnesia and Dissociative fugue

A

Inability to recall past experiences, and dissociative fugue: sudden unexpected move of wandering away from wherever. (confused identity)

55
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

two or more personalities that recurrently take control of patients behavior. mostly sexual abuse patients and try to integrate personalities into one.

56
Q

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

A

Depersonalization: detached from own minds and bodies (out of body experience)
Derealization: detached from reality (dreamlike)

57
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

have one somatic symptom that may or may not be caused by medical condition causing excessive worry

58
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

Consumed with thoughts of having or developing a serious medical condition. Excessively check themselves for health issues.

59
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

Symptoms that seemingly affect neurological sensorimotor functions but no physical damage.

60
Q

La belle indifference

A

Patient who is surprisingly unconcerned by disorder usually found in conversion disorder.

61
Q

Personality Disorder (general personality disorder)

A

Pattern of behavior that is deviant and maladaptive causing distress or impaired functioning. (ego-syntonic)

62
Q

Ego-syntonic vs. ego-dystonic

A

Ego-syntonic: perceives as the behavior as normal and harmony with their goals
Ego-dystonic: perceives the behavior as illness that is intrusive and bothersome

63
Q

Cluster (A) Personality PSS

A

Odd and eccentric behaviors
Paranoid PD: Pervasive distrust of others and motives (might be in prodromal stage) delusion of persecution
Schizotypal PD: odd and eccentric thinking, magical thinking
Schizoid PD: detachment from social environments and restricted emotion expression.

64
Q

Cluster (B) Personality BANH

A

Dramatic, erratic, emotional
Borderline: characterized by emotional instability in mood and self-image. (Splitting: view either as all good or all mad)
Antisocial: Disregard for the rights of others (no remorse)
Narcissistic: grandiose self-esteem of importance and uniqueness, not too kind on criticism.
Histrionic: excessive attention seeking.

65
Q

Cluster (C) Personality DOA

A

Anxious or fearful
Dependent PD: continuous need for reassurance and dependent on someone to make decisions
OCPD: perfectionist and well-structured of life but is often stiff and humorless.
Avoidant PD: extreme shyness and fear of rejection although wanting to be accepted.

66
Q

Biological Factors of Schizophrenia

A

genetic, birth maladies (hypoxemia), excessive marijuana during adolescence.
- excessive of dopamine in brain

67
Q

Neuroleptics and antipsychotics

A

Medications that block dopamine receptors and depress nerve function

68
Q

Biological Factors of Depression

A

Abnormally high glucose in amygdala, hippocampal atrophy, high levels of cortisol, decreased norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine.

69
Q

Bipolar (mania) biological factors

A

Increased monoamine theory, genetic, and Multiple sclerosis patients.

70
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease biological factors

A

When degradation of brain leads to severe impairment in normal function.
Presenilin, apolipoprotein E,B-amyloid precursor protein alter likelihood of developing disease.
-B-amyloid plaques
-Neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau
-Acetylcholine reduction.

71
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s

A
  • Bradykinesia (slowed movement)
  • Resting tremor
  • Pill-rolling tremor
  • Masklike facies
  • Cogwheel rigidity (halting when trying to move limb)
  • Shuffling gait in stooped.
72
Q

Biological factors of Parkinson’s

A

Substantia nigra (produce dopamine) becomes less black –> impairs basal ganglia functioning. (starting and ending and smoothening motor tasks).

73
Q

L-Dopa

A

Drug used to treat Parkinson’s and replace dopamine loss.

MCAT Psych/Soc (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions