Social Stratifcation Flashcards
Social Class
Category of people who share same SES
Social Cohesion
Solidarity and sense of connectedness of different social groups and classes in society.
Social Stratification
Social inequality related to one’s SES that depend on achieved and ascribed status’
Educational Attainment
Highest degree obtained and number of years of education completed. (achieved status)
Socioeconomic Gradient of health
The lower SES = poorer health outcomes
Prestige
Positive regard society has for a person or idea.
Power
Ability to affect other’s behavior through real or perceived awards and punishments.
Class and False consciousness
Class consciousness: Organization of working class around goals and recognizing their powerless state to revolt. False consciousness: misperception of one's actual position in society.
Anomie
Lack of widely accepted social norms and breakdown of social bonds between individual and society.
Strain theory
Anomic conditions lead to deviance (criminality)
Social Solidarity
Sense of community belonging and social cohesion.
Two sources of social trust
- Social reciprocity
2. Social networks
Social capital
Investment in social networks that you have.
Social integration
Process of someone new or minority moving into a larger culture while maintain identity.
Privilege
Inequality in opportunity
Cultural capital
Knowledge skills and abilities known that provide benefits.
Strong and Weak Ties
Strong ties: close groups (family and friends)
Weak ties: superficial large groups (networking)
Intersectioanlity
Compounding of disadvantaged identities (discriminated)
Social mobility
Moving up or down in social position.
Intragenerational mobility vs intergenerational mobility
Intragenerational: social status that happens in lifetime
Intergenerational: social status from parents to children.
Meritocracy vs Plutocracy
Social structure in which intellectual talent and achievement are means to advance
Plutocracy: rule by upper class
Vertical mobility and horizontal mobility
Vertical mobility: movement up or down social positions (usually via education)
Horizontal mobility: change in occupation and lifestyle that keeps someone in the same class
Poverty
Low SES and lack of possessions or financial resources.
Social reproduction
Social inequalities are reproduced and passed down from one generation to the next.
Structural poverty
Poverty is a “institution” due to structure of economy not by cause of individuals.
Absolute poverty vs relative poverty
Absolute: don’t have enough resources to maintain basic survival
Relative: people are poor in comparison to the larger populaion
Poverty line
Governmental calculations of the minimum income requirements for families to acquire the minimum necessities of life.
Social Exclusion
Sense of powerlessness and isolation when individuals are alienated by society
Spatial Inequality
Social stratification across territories and their populations (dependent on geography), (ex. wealthy neighborhoods will have undesirable buildings built in poorer areas leading to compromised health)
Residental Segregation
Stratifying of neighborhoods that create unequal chances for people who live in these communities
Suburbanization
Migration patter of middle class to suburban communities
Urban decay, Urban Renewal and Gentrification
Urban decay: previously functional portion of city deteriorates and decrepit overtime Urban renewal: city is reclaimed and renovated for public and private use Gentrification: Upper-middle class populations begin to purchase neighborhoods driving lower SES off.
Environmental justice
Poor living conditions and environmental conditions lead to illness and disease (low-income) more prone to environmental risks
World System Theory and the three nations
Categorizing countries and emphasizing the inequalities of division of labor at global level
Core nations: higher skill and higher pay production exploit the periphery
Peripheral: lower-skilled productions
Semi-peripheral: midway between these two.
Incidence vs Prevalence
Incidence: Number of cases of an illness per population at risk/per time
Prevalence: number of total illness per total population per time.
Morbidity vs Mortality
Morbidity: Burden of degree or illness associated with given disease
Mortality: Deaths caused by disease.
Second sickness
Exacerbation of health outcomes of health outcomes caused by social injustices
factors that affect inequities of health
race, gender (women outlive men but more morbidity), LGBT discrimination
Why women live longer
They check-up with the doctors more often, less risk behavior as men, dangerous jobs, more likely with disease.
Medicaid and Medicare
Medicare: covers patients >65, end stage renal disease, and ALS
Medicaid: covers patients with significant financial need.
