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Biology Of Mammals > Social Systems > Flashcards

Social Systems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the benefits of living in groups?

A

Antipredator, foraging, information, reproduction , physiology

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1
Q

What are macropodid social groups like?

A

Mob structure. Dominance hierarchy, ritualised conflict, boxing

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1
Q

What is matrilineal fission-fusion?

A

Groups come together and split apart based on how the environment is

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1
Q

Why do cetacea come together in social groups?

A

Herding prey, bubble nets, bait balls, carousel feeding

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2
Q

What are the other antipredator effects of living in a group?

A

Disorientation, poor targeting, predator confusion

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2
Q

What is cuckoldry?

A

Adulterous wife, males invest parental effort in offspring that are not genetically their own

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3
Q

What is asocial group?

A

Avoiding interaction. Only come into contact during reproduction or territorial situations

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4
Q

What is the inclusive fitness formula?

A

Benefit/cost > 1/relatedness

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4
Q

How is aggression increased within a group?

A

More fighting within conspecifics about resources being caught

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5
Q

Why is kin selection important?

A

More likely to help those who they are most related to

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7
Q

What are social groups in pinnipedia?

A

Social haul outs for reproduction

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8
Q

What are the costs in relation to foraging?

A

Kelptoparasitism, prey sharing, increased aggression, increased visibility to prey

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8
Q

How are there variable costs and benefits in paenugulata social groups?

A

Caused by the environment they live in. Continuously manipulating the environment

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9
Q

What is the selfish herd?

A

Animals are in the heard for their own benefit. Geometry of selfish herd. Always try to be closer to the middle

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10
Q

What is social groups variable in relation to?

A

Temporal and spatial

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11
Q

What is the tiered sociality associated with the paenungulata?

A

Mother-calf, family, bond-kinship groups, clans, sub-populations

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13
Q

What is eusocial?

A

Highest level of sociality. Cooperative brood care, overlapping generations

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13
Q

What happens in vampire bat social groups?

A

Share blood meals

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14
Q

How is social learning increased in groups?

A

Pups are taught by adults about behaviour, foraging and prey handling.

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16
Q

What is kelptoparasitism?

A

One animal takes the prey or food from another. Smaller animals lose their kill

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17
Q

What are the costs associated with reproduction from living in groups?

A

Increased competition, cuckoldry, reproductive suppression

18
Q

How do chiropter live in social groups?

A

Hibernacula roost of many thousands, maternity roost, leks

19
Q

What are badger social groups like?

A

Social clans, not cooperative, forage individually.

20
Q

What is the theory of eusociality in fossorial mammals?

A

Should be used as a means of using abundant food supplies

21
Q

What are prairie dog groups like?

A

Live in coteries. Hostility to neighbours. High extra group paternity

22
Q

What are the physiological benefits of living in a group?

A

Thermoregulation.

23
Q

How does living in a group increase group vigilance?

A

Per capita amount of effort being put in reduced for the same amount of protection

25
Q

What is female natal philopatry?

A

Females stay in, or return to its home area

26
Q

What are the social strategies of male stoats?

A

Roamer and stayer

27
Q

What is sociality associated with carnivores?

A

Group hunting, territory defence

29
Q

How is reproductive success increased with living in a groups?

A

Secure matings and reproduction of your genes

29
Q

What is the paenugulata social group like?

A

Mother-calf bonds. Mating groupq

31
Q

What are meerkat social groups like?

A

Highly cooperative, breeding pairs, contact calls

32
Q

What shared characteristics are transferred between individuals from living in groups?

A

Vocalisation, diet, behaviour

33
Q

How does living in a group cause prey dilution?

A

Prey to predator ratio is less. More prey = less chance of being caught

34
Q

How do mammals recognise their kin?

A

Olfactory signals, familiarity, genetic

35
Q

How does living in a group help antipredation?

A

Many eyes - group vigilance

37
Q

What are the costs associated with living in a group?

A

Predation, foraging, reproductive.

38
Q

How does group living increase cooperative rearing?

A

Extended periods of care is costly, reduced by sharing out rearing of young amongst adults.

39
Q

How is foraging increased from living in a group?

A

Group hunting, food location, prey capture, resource defence

40
Q

How does optimal group size affect foraging benefits?

A

The optimal size at which they are able to capture prey of the right size and share resources within the group and defend against theft

41
Q

What happens in stoat social groups?

A

Asocial structure. Females exclude females, Males exclude males

42
Q

What are the social groups of metatheria like?

A

Large colonies, social grooming, dominant male marks individuals

43
Q

How is mate choice increased with living in a group?

A

Use of leks and displays

44
Q

What are the costs in relation to predation with living in a group?

A

Increased visibility and attack rate

45
Q

What is reproductive suppression?

A

Dominant prevents subordinates from breeding through behavioural and hormonal techniques

47
Q

How do group animals organise themselves?

A

Higher status animal at the centre of the heard. Sort in relation to status

48
Q

What is the rodentia social group like?

A

Diverse and widespread showing a lot of variation

49
Q

Why live in groups?

A

Benefit own genes by associating with kin so long as the cost ratio works in your favour

50
Q

Which metatheria species live in socail groups?

A

Honey gliders and kangaroos

Biology Of Mammals (13 decks)

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