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Biology Of Mammals > Domestication > Flashcards

Domestication Flashcards

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1
Q

When were camelids domesticated?

A

7,000 - 4,000 years ago

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1
Q

What is pup adoption?

A

People take in pups of those which survived flexible diets and were able to survive in a human society

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2
Q

What is the common ancestor of domesticated cattle?

A

Aurochs(en)

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3
Q

Why haven’t we domesticated more mammals?

A

Relatively few species, artificial selection

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3
Q

Why do domesticated mammals require an adaptable diet?

A

Need to be able to eat anything they can get hold of

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3
Q

Why is domestication a slow process?

A

Selective breeding, variation within species

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3
Q

Why were hamsters, mice and rats domesticated?

A

Pets, biomedical research

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4
Q

Where does domestication still take place?

A

Laboratory, zoo, pet animals

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5
Q

What were guinea pigs domesticated for?

A

Food

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6
Q

What were horses first used for?

A

Meat

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7
Q

Why is captive breeding important for domestication?

A

Animals need to not be highly strung and do not need to be coaxed into reproduction

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8
Q

What is an issue caused by long duration of close contact?

A

Transfer of infection between animals and humans. Emergence of zoonotic disease

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9
Q

How did agricultural development lead to the domestication of cats?

A

Cereal harvesting lead to more pest (mice and rats). Cats as pest contol

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10
Q

When were herding animals domesticated for meat?

A

11,000 - 9,000 years ago

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10
Q

Why were cats domesticated?

A

Based on tolerance not use

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11
Q

What is evidence for dog domestication?

A

Archaeological record, mtDNA studies, Ancient DNA

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12
Q

How do dogs help with hunting and searching?

A

Distance, scent, underground, retrieval

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13
Q

What is a problem with the wild states of domesticated cats?

A

Can rapidly revert back into their wild state and become feral.

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13
Q

What is the ancestor of domesticated cattle?

A

Wild boar

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14
Q

What does ancient DNA show about dog domestication?

A

New world dogs derived from old world wolves.

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15
Q

Why were dogs domesticated?

A

Wolves associated with humans at a number of locations across the world

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16
Q

Why are mammals called walking larders?

A

Heard animals are conveniently sized to feed a family group

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17
Q

What is now common in domesticated dogs which is not shown in wolves?

A

Starchy diet

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17
Q

What are cattle domesticated for?

A

Meat, milk, hides, traction, transportation, wealth, sport

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18
Q

What is unique about the wild horses in America?

A

Horses became extinct in North America. Those in America are descendants of domesticated horses from Europe

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19
Q

What are the main reasons dogs breeds have been selected?

A

Hunting and searching, guarding, companionship

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20
Q

Why are cats not great for domestication?

A

Solitary, Hypercarnivorous, Lack of social hierarchies

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22
Q

What are the other benefits of mammal domestication?

A

Raw materials, transpirations, traction, fertilisation, protection, improved hunting, herding, fighting, companionship

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23
Q

Why were donkeys domesticated?

A

Transport of cargo

24
Q

How does archaeological records show dog domestication?

A

Co-burials alongside humans, distinct skull morphology

25
Q

Who did domestic cats arise from?

A

Near Eastern Wildcats

26
Q

Why were ferrets domesticated?

A

Hunting

27
Q

How are mammals domesticated for raw materials?

A

Clothing, tools, shelter

28
Q

How has domestication changed?

A

Unconscious as early stages, then methodical

29
Q

Why is social hierarchical important for domestication?

A

Traits of living in a complex network allow them to function in a human society

30
Q

What traits mean that cats are less suited to domestication?

A

Hunting instincts, independence

32
Q

In which species is domestication dramatic?

A

Dogs and cats

33
Q

Why are arctic foxes and mink suitable for domestication for fur farms?

A

Flexible diet, fast growth, breed in captivity

35
Q

What are the primary benefits of domestication?

A

Reliable food source, Walking larders

37
Q

How is domestication methodical?

A

Artificial selection of desirable traits and selective breeding.

38
Q

What is the secondary products revolution?

A

Only recently discovered use of animals for other things

39
Q

What is an issue with domestication of ferrets in relation to polecats

A

Back-crossing and hybridisation

40
Q

Where did cats co-occur?

A

In agriculture

41
Q

When were guinea pigs domesticated?

A

7,000 years ago

42
Q

What is the selection for in the domestication of animals for fur farms?

A

Selection on pelage (fur) traits.

42
Q

What were rabbits domesticated for?

A

Ranching

44
Q

What are nomadic hunters?

A

Highly mobile and dependent on hunting temporary and patchy resources

45
Q

What was sedentary agrarian societies facilitated by?

A

The use of animals

46
Q

Which type of elephants are domesticated?

A

Asian

47
Q

When did cat-human co-burials arise

A

9,500

49
Q

What is seen in domesticated cats body plan?

A

Still conservative body plan similar to that of the wild cats

50
Q

When was the initial domestication?

A

> 20,000 - 14,000 years ago

51
Q

What are the common traits for domestication?

A

Shortened rostrum, floppy ears, upright/curved tails, smaller size, piebald colouration, diminished horns, fatness, smaller brains, extended maturity

52
Q

How did animals facilitate the sedentary agrarian societies?

A

Transportation, trade, larger populations

53
Q

What is the secondary product of horses?

A

Milk, hunting, traction, transportation, warfare

55
Q

Who did dogs domesticated from?

A

Descended from wolves as a whole arctic species

56
Q

In which species is domestication subtle?

A

Llama and wild camelid

57
Q

What were elephants domesticated for?

A

Logging, transport, recreation, warfare

58
Q

How are mammals domesticated for transportation?

A

People directly, cargos, trade

59
Q

What is an issue in relation to escapes in domestication?

A

Feral escapes leads to conservation impacts of invasive, non-native species

60
Q

When were pigs domesticated?

A

9,000 years ago

61
Q

What were sheep originally domesticated for?

A

Meat, milk and hides

62
Q

Why is growth rate important for domestication?

A

Fast growth rates so they can be used for food

63
Q

What are the most recent rodents to be domesticated?

A

Hamsters, mice and rats

65
Q

What is hypercarnivorous?

A

Only eat meats - not a flexible diet

66
Q

What were goats domesticated for?

A

Large scale transportation

67
Q

How was wool first taken from sheep?

A

Plucked

68
Q

How can ferrets help hunting?

A

Ferrets put down the warren to drive rabbits out

69
Q

How were wolves domesticated?

A

Able to display and understand signals of submissive behaviour

70
Q

What are the requirements for domestication?

A

Adaptable diet, growth rate, captive breeding, less aggressive, even temperament, social hierarchical

Biology Of Mammals (13 decks)

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