Reproduction Flashcards
What is viviparity?
Giving birth to live young
What can the baculum be used to identify?
Age and taxonomy
What is the simplex uterus
Entire uterus is fused into one single organ
What is one method of reproductive delay?
Sperm storage
How can reproductive suppression occur?
Suppress own Suppress others
What defines mammalian reproduction?
Egg-uterus relationship
Which species have a simplex uterus?
Higher primates
How does delayed development occur?
Egg is fertilised. Blastocyst implants into uterus lining
Why does infanticide occur?
New dominant male kills offspring to bring female back into oestrus
What is polygyny
Multiple females single males
Which species have a bipartite uterus?
Whales
What is parturition?
The act of giving birth to young
What are the characteristics monotreme reproduction?
Egg laying, single functioning ovary, cloaca, mammary glands, no nipples
What is the functional of epithelial spines?
Remove sperm from multiple matings
Which species have bicornuate uterus?
Bats and carnivores
What are the 2 derived characteristics of mammals?
Hair, mammary glands
What is the bicornuate uterus?
Heart-shaped uterus. Upper parts are separate but fused at the bottom
How are copulation cycles maintained?
Social and environmental cues
what are the characteristics marsupial reproduction?
Cloaca, basic placenta, brief gestation, long lactation, development in a pouch
Why do stoats have delayed implantation?
Males mate with altricial young, females arent big enough to cope with birth and to allow young to develop
What is Corpus luteum?
Hormone secreting structure that develops in an ovary
What are the stages in metatherian lactation?
Mammogenesis Early lactogenesis Late lactogenesis
Which 2 species lay eggs?
Platypus and echidna
What is polyandry?
Multiple males single female
In which orders are the testes abdominal?
Monotremes, Cetacea, Aenarthra, Paenungulata
How does delayed implantation occur?
Embryonic diapause. Blastocyst maintained in a state of dormancy
Why does reproductive suppress occur?
Reproduction is costly, need to maximise long term fitness
What is unique about the marsupial penis?
It is bifid into 2 halves
What are the parts of the male anatomy?
Testes, penis, baculum
Why is the marsupial penis the way it is?
To allow sperm to be deposited in both sides of the vagina
What is the baculum?
Penis bone
What are diphyodont teeth?
2 sets of teeth (milk and permanent)
What are the characteristics of eutherian reproduction?
Advanced placenta, towards nutrition transfer via lactation.
What are the 6 placental structures?
Eputheliochorial Syndesmochorial Endotheliochorial Hemochorial Endothelioendothelial Hemoendothelial
What occurs in marsupial birth?
New borns are altricial, crawl to pouch
Which species have a duplex uterus?
Rodents, marsupials, lagomorphs
What is the bipartite uterus?
2 separate uteri but share a single cervix
What are the 4 types of uterus?
Duplex, bipartite, bicornuate, simplex
What is unique about the platypus vagina?
Only the left oviduct is functional
Which species are the only ones with male lactation?
Dayak fruit bat
What is a monoestrous cycle?
One cycle per year
What is the bruce effect?
Female rodents terminate pregancies following exposure to the scent of unfamiliar males
How does sperm storage work?
Copulation before torpor, sperm heads embedded in uterus lining
What is the duplex uterus?
2 wholly separate uteri with one fallopian tube
What is a polyoestrous cycle?
More than one a year
What is semelparity?
Investing everything into one mating event to create best conditions and secure best female
What is unique about the echidna penis?
Bifid - 4 rosetters, only 2 are fucntional
What is the function of mammary glands?
Transfer nutrients
