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Biology Of Mammals > Aquatic Mammals > Flashcards

Aquatic Mammals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which 3 orders contain aquatic mammals?

A

Cetacean, Carnivora, Sirenia

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2
Q

Which Canivore families have aquatic mammals?

A

Pinnipedia, Ursiade, Musteliade

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3
Q

What are the 2 groups of cetacea?

A

Mysticetin, Odontoceti

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4
Q

What feeding adaptation do mysticetin’s have?

A

Baleen - filter feeding

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5
Q

Which 4 families are within mysticetin?

A

Balaenidae, Neobalaenidae, Balaenopteridae, Eschrichtiidae

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6
Q

What is the odontoceti skull like?

A

Asymmetrical

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7
Q

Which families are in odontoceti?

A

Delphinidae, Monodontidae, Phocoenidae, Physeteridae, Plantanistidae, Iniidae, Ziphiidae

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8
Q

Which families are in pinnipedia?

A

Otariidae, Phocidae, Odobenidae

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9
Q

Which species are in otariidae?

A

Sea lions and fur seals

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10
Q

What are the features of otariidae?

A

External ears, better on land, hind flipper for land locomotion, enlarged forelflipper

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11
Q

What are the features of phocidae?

A

No external ears, more marine adapted, smaller flippers

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12
Q

Which animals are in phocidae?

A

Seals, elephant seals.

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13
Q

Which animals are in odobenidae?

A

Walrus

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14
Q

What is a dugong tail like?

A

Tail fluke - notched

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15
Q

Which animals are in Trichechidae?

A

Manatees

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16
Q

What is a manatee tail like?

A

Spatulate

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17
Q

What are the features of cetacea reproduction?

A

Mating at sea, testes abdominal, penis retractable

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18
Q

What are the features of pinnipidia reproduction?

A

Harem

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19
Q

What is gestation of aquatic mammals like?

A

Extended but not relative to size

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20
Q

What is a blue whales gestation like?

A

Rapid development, extended parental care

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21
Q

Where does birth in cetacea take place?

A

At sea

22
Q

Where does birth in pinnipeds take place?

A

On land

23
Q

Where does lactation in cetacea occur?

A

Teats in slits near urogential opening

24
Q

What is aquatic mammal milk like?

A

Highly concentrated

25
Q

How are aquatic mammals insulated?

A

Subcutaneous fat layer, fur

26
Q

How does the countercurrent exchange work?

A

Conserves heat in core, flippers insulated.

27
Q

Why are sirenia less adapted?

A

Less body fat, not good at retaining heat. Live in warmer waters

28
Q

How do marine mammals cope with the hyperosmotic environment?

A

Metabolic water, concentrated kidneys

29
Q

How much more myoglobin do marine mammals have?

A

2-9 x more

30
Q

What happens to breathing during deep diving?

A

Extended apnoea, lack of breathing.

31
Q

How do baleen whales feed?

A

Keratinous plates

32
Q

How does lung feeding occur?

A

Rorquals, throat furrows

33
Q

How does the mammal withstand the force of water during lunge feeding?

A

Mandible fraced by frontomandibular

34
Q

What are bubble clouds?

A

Groups of humpback whales encircle fish, lung feed

35
Q

How does sucking and dredging occur?

A

Plough head through mud, coop and suck up sediment

36
Q

What is carnivore dentition like?

A

Sharp canines, simple cheek teeth

37
Q

How are walrus’ adapted to feeding?

A

Bentic invertebrates, suck out, discard shells

38
Q

How are walrus flippers adapted?

A

Right handed lateralised limb used to root through sediment

39
Q

How are sea otters keystone species?

A

Otters harvest the increased urchins to prevent loss of kelp beds

40
Q

How do sperm whales locate?

A

Echolocation

41
Q

How do sirenia feed?

A

Slow moving grazers, herbivorous

42
Q

What is the function of fusiform body?

A

Reduce drag and turbulence

43
Q

How are lungs adapted for deep sea diving?

A

Small and elastic

44
Q

What adaptations do deep sea diving mammals in their respiratory tract?

A

Rigid cartilaginous airways, flexible ribs, elastic bronchioles

45
Q

How do sirenia control buoyancy?

A

Dense, heavy bones. Fermentation gas

46
Q

How is echolocation produced?

A

Clicks with air forced through valves in nasal sac

47
Q

How is echolocation focused?

A

Through melon lens

48
Q

Whys vocalisation more important?

A

High conductance of sound in water

49
Q

How do mysitcetes create sound?

A

Larynx, vocal folds.

50
Q

What is rete mirabile?

A

Network of blood capillaries between swimming muscles which act as heat exchanger

Biology Of Mammals (13 decks)

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