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Social psychology test Flashcards

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1
Q

Social psychology

A

scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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2
Q

attribution theory

A

we can attribute the behavior to the person’s stable, enduring traits (disposition) or we can attribute it to the situation ( a situational attribution)

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3
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situations

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4
Q

attitude

A

feelings that are often influenced by our beliefs that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events

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5
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as a speaker’s attractiveness

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6
Q

central route persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

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7
Q

foot in the door phenomenon

A

tendency for people who have first agreed to small request to comply later with a larger request

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8
Q

role

A

set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

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9
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

ex when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes

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10
Q

conformity

A

adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard

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11
Q

normative social influence

A

influence from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval . conform to gain approval

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12
Q

informational social influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other;s opinions about reality willing to accept other’s opinions as new information

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13
Q

automatic mimicry aka….?

A

chameleon effect

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14
Q

what is automatic mimicry

A

tendency to unconsciously imitate other’s expressions, postures, and voice tones

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15
Q

social facilitation

A

improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

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16
Q

social loafing

A

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when poling their efforts toward attain a common goal than when individually accountable.

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17
Q

deindividuation

A

loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity such as in a riot

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18
Q

group polarization

A

when the beliefs and attitudes www bring to a group grow stronger as we discuss them with like minded others

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19
Q

groupthink

A

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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20
Q

what is groupthink simply

A

a group is driven by a desire for harmony within a decision-making group, overriding realistic appraisal of alternatives

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21
Q

culture

A

behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

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22
Q

norm

A

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

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23
Q

prejudice

A

means “prejudgement”, an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group that is often different in culture, ethnicity, or gender

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24
Q

what three parts make up prejudice

A

beliefs, emotions, and predispositions

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25
Q

stereotype

A

generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

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26
Q

discrimination

A

injustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

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27
Q

difference between prejudice and discrimination?

A

prejudice is a negative attitude while discrimination is negative actions or behaviors

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28
Q

ingroup

A

“Us” people with whom we share a common identity

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29
Q

just-world phenomenon

A

belief of people that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

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30
Q

outgroup

A

“Them” those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

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31
Q

ingroup bias

A

tendency to favor our own group

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32
Q

scapegoat theory

A

theory that rejoice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

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33
Q

examples of scapegoat theory

A

blaming all muslims including innocent ones for 9/11

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34
Q

other race effect

A

tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

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35
Q

aggression

A

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

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36
Q

frustration-aggression principle

A

principle that frustration can create create anger which can spark aggression

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37
Q

frustration

A

blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal

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38
Q

social script

A

cultural provided guide for how to act in various situations

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39
Q

mere exposure effect

A

phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. ex your in class with someone a lot so you start to like them

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40
Q

passionate love

A

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

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41
Q

companionate love

A

deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

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42
Q

equity

A

in a relationship, both people receive in proportion to what they give

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43
Q

self-disclosure

A

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

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44
Q

alturism

A

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

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45
Q

bystander affect

A

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

46
Q

social exchange theory

A

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process. aim is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

47
Q

reciprocity norm

A

expectation that we should return help, not harm those who have helped us

48
Q

social responsibility norm

A

an execration that people will help those needing their help

49
Q

conflict

A

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

50
Q

social trap

A

situation where we harm our collective well-being by pursuing our personal interests

51
Q

mirror-image perceptions

A

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive ex. couples fighting

52
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

belief that leads to its own fulfillment

53
Q

superordinate goals

A

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. ex two fighting groups who need to work together to get water

54
Q

What does GRIT stand for?

A

graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction

55
Q

GRIT

A

a strategy designe to decrease international tensions

56
Q

what four processes influence peace

A

contact, cooperation, communication, and conciliation

57
Q

scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

A

Social psychology

58
Q

we can attribute the behavior to the person’s stable, enduring traits (disposition) or we can attribute it to the situation ( a situational attribution)

A

attribution theory

59
Q

overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situations

A

fundamental attribution error

60
Q

feelings that are often influenced by our beliefs that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events

A

attitude

61
Q

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as a speaker’s attractiveness

A

peripheral route persuasion

62
Q

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

A

central route persuasion

63
Q

tendency for people who have first agreed to small request to comply later with a larger request

A

foot in the door phenomenon

64
Q

set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

A

role

65
Q

ex when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes

A

cognitive dissonance theory

66
Q

adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard

A

conformity

67
Q

influence from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval . conform to gain approval

A

normative social influence

68
Q

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other;s opinions about reality willing to accept other’s opinions as new information

A

informational social influence

69
Q

chameleon effect

A

automatic mimicry aka….?

70
Q

tendency to unconsciously imitate other’s expressions, postures, and voice tones

A

what is automatic mimicry

71
Q

improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

A

social facilitation

72
Q

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when poling their efforts toward attain a common goal than when individually accountable.

A

social loafing

73
Q

loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity such as in a riot

A

deindividuation

74
Q

when the beliefs and attitudes www bring to a group grow stronger as we discuss them with like minded others

A

group polarization

75
Q

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

A

groupthink

76
Q

a group is driven by a desire for harmony within a decision-making group, overriding realistic appraisal of alternatives

A

what is groupthink simply

77
Q

behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

A

culture

78
Q

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

A

norm

79
Q

means “prejudgement”, an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group that is often different in culture, ethnicity, or gender

A

prejudice

80
Q

beliefs, emotions, and predispositions

A

what three parts make up prejudice

81
Q

generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

A

stereotype

82
Q

injustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

A

discrimination

83
Q

prejudice is a negative attitude while discrimination is negative actions or behaviors

A

difference between prejudice and discrimination?

84
Q

“Us” people with whom we share a common identity

A

ingroup

85
Q

belief of people that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

A

just-world phenomenon

86
Q

“Them” those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

A

outgroup

87
Q

tendency to favor our own group

A

ingroup bias

88
Q

theory that rejoice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

A

scapegoat theory

89
Q

blaming all muslims including innocent ones for 9/11

A

examples of scapegoat theory

90
Q

tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

A

other race effect

91
Q

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

A

aggression

92
Q

principle that frustration can create create anger which can spark aggression

A

frustration-aggression principle

93
Q

blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal

A

frustration

94
Q

cultural provided guide for how to act in various situations

A

social script

95
Q

phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. ex your in class with someone a lot so you start to like them

A

mere exposure effect

96
Q

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

A

passionate love

97
Q

deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

A

companionate love

98
Q

in a relationship, both people receive in proportion to what they give

A

equity

99
Q

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

A

self-disclosure

100
Q

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

A

alturism

101
Q

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

A

bystander affect

102
Q

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process. aim is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

A

social exchange theory

103
Q

expectation that we should return help, not harm those who have helped us

A

reciprocity norm

104
Q

an execration that people will help those needing their help

A

social responsibility norm

105
Q

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

A

conflict

106
Q

situation where we harm our collective well-being by pursuing our personal interests

A

social trap

107
Q

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive ex. couples fighting

A

mirror-image perceptions

108
Q

belief that leads to its own fulfillment

A

self-fulfilling prophecy

109
Q

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. ex two fighting groups who need to work together to get water

A

superordinate goals

110
Q

graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction

A

What does GRIT stand for?

111
Q

a strategy designe to decrease international tensions

A

GRIT

112
Q

contact, cooperation, communication, and conciliation

A

what four processes influence peace

psychology (17 decks)

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