first test chapter 25 Flashcards
psychology
science of behavior and mental processes
behavior
anything and organism does
mental processes
the internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior
What is the behavioral perspective and what does it study?
how we learn observable responses, try to figure out what might trigger for example anger, how do we learn to fear particular objects or situations
What is the Biological perspective and what does it study?
how the body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences. study how physical is connected with mental such as how do pin messages travel from hand to brain
What is the Cognitive perspective and what does it study?
how we process, store, and retrieve information, study how our interpretation of a situation affects our ganger and how our anger affects our thoughts. How do we use information in remembering? Reasoning? And solving problems?
What is the Evolutionary perspective and what does it study?
how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes. how does evolution influence behavior tendencies
What is the Humanistic perspective and what does it study?
how we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self-fulfillment. how can we work toward fulfilling our potential and how can we overcome barriers to our personal growth
What is the psychodynamic perspective and what does it study?
how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. How can someones personality traits and disorders be explained by unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas?
What is the Social cultural perspective and what does it study ?
how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
what do biological psychologists do?
expire the links between brain and mind
what do cognate psychologists study
experiment how we perceive, think, and solve problems
what do social psychologists do?
explore how we view and affect one another
what is the hindsight bias?
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that you couldve predicted it
critical thinking?
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
What does theory do?
explains behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize what we have observed
What is a hypostheses?
testable prediction
What is operational definitions?
carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study
what does the First step in a good theory do?
effectively organizes a range of set reports and observations
what does the second step in a good theory do?
leds to a clear hypothesis that anyone can use the check the theory
what does the third step in a good theory do?
often stimulates research that leads to a revised theory which better organizes and predicts why we know
what are the 3 ways to test our hypothesis and refine our theories?
descriptive mthods, correlational method, and experimental methods
what is the descriptive method used to test hypothesis and refine theories?
this method describes behaviors, often by using case studies, surveys, or naturalistic observations
How is the correlational method used to test hypothesis and refine theories?
they associate different factors, or variables
what is the experimental method used to test hypothesis and refine theories?
this method manipulates variables to discover effects
case study?
a technique in which a person or a group of people are studied closely to see if they can find some universal principles
naturalistic observation?
observing and recording what happens
sampling bias?
a flawed sampling process that produces and unrepresentative sample
What is correlation?
a connection between two or more things
correlation coefficent?
help us figure how closely two things very together, and thus how well either one predicts the other
scatterplot?
a graphed cluster of dots, each representing the values of the two variables, amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation)
Experiments enable researchers to isolate the effects of one or more variables by doing what?
- manipulating the variables of interest and 2. holding constant (“controlling”) other variables
experimental group does what?
receive treatment
control group does what?
not receive the treatment
what is random assignment?
assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance so there are not preexisting differences between the groups
What is a double blind procedure?
when neither the participants nor the research assistants who administer the drug and collect data will know which group is receiving the treatment
What is independent variable?
the cause of something, the variable who’s effect is being study so the people are bing studied they are the independent variable
What is confounding variable
a factor other than the thing be tested that could have an effect in an experiment
What is dependent variable
the outcome
Descriptive method of research?
to observe and record behavior
correlational method of research
to detect naturally occuring relationships; to asses how one variable predicts the other
experimental research method
to explore cause and effect
Reversed Cards
science of behavior and mental processes
psychology
Reversed Cards
anything and organism does
behavior
Reversed Cards
the internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior
mental processes
Reversed Cards
how we learn observable responses, try to figure out what might trigger for example anger, how do we learn to fear particular objects or situations
What is the behavioral perspective and what does it study?
Reversed Cards
how the body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences. study how physical is connected with mental such as how do pin messages travel from hand to brain
What is the Biological perspective and what does it study?
Reversed Cards
how we process, store, and retrieve information, study how our interpretation of a situation affects our ganger and how our anger affects our thoughts. How do we use information in remembering? Reasoning? And solving problems?
What is the Cognitive perspective and what does it study?
Reversed Cards
how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes. how does evolution influence behavior tendencies
What is the Evolutionary perspective and what does it study?
Reversed Cards
how we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self-fulfillment. how can we work toward fulfilling our potential and how can we overcome barriers to our personal growth
What is the Humanistic perspective and what does it study?
Reversed Cards
how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. How can someones personality traits and disorders be explained by unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas?
What is the psychodynamic perspective and what does it study?
Reversed Cards
how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
What is the Social cultural perspective and what does it study ?
Reversed Cards
expire the links between brain and mind
what do biological psychologists do?
Reversed Cards
experiment how we perceive, think, and solve problems
what do cognate psychologists study
Reversed Cards
explore how we view and affect one another
what do social psychologists do?
Reversed Cards
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that you couldve predicted it
what is the hindsight bias?
Reversed Cards
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
critical thinking?
Reversed Cards
explains behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize what we have observed
What does theory do?
Reversed Cards
testable prediction
What is a hypostheses?
Reversed Cards
carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study
What is operational definitions?
Reversed Cards
effectively organizes a range of set reports and observations
what does the First step in a good theory do?
Reversed Cards
leds to a clear hypothesis that anyone can use the check the theory
what does the second step in a good theory do?
Reversed Cards
often stimulates research that leads to a revised theory which better organizes and predicts why we know
what does the third step in a good theory do?
Reversed Cards
descriptive mthods, correlational method, and experimental methods
what are the 3 ways to test our hypothesis and refine our theories?
Reversed Cards
this method describes behaviors, often by using case studies, surveys, or naturalistic observations
what is the descriptive method used to test hypothesis and refine theories?
Reversed Cards
they associate different factors, or variables
How is the correlational method used to test hypothesis and refine theories?
Reversed Cards
this method manipulates variables to discover effects
what is the experimental method used to test hypothesis and refine theories?
Reversed Cards
a technique in which a person or a group of people are studied closely to see if they can find some universal principles
case study?
Reversed Cards
observing and recording what happens
naturalistic observation?
Reversed Cards
a flawed sampling process that produces and unrepresentative sample
sampling bias?
Reversed Cards
a connection between two or more things
What is correlation?
Reversed Cards
help us figure how closely two things very together, and thus how well either one predicts the other
correlation coefficent?
Reversed Cards
a graphed cluster of dots, each representing the values of the two variables, amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation)
scatterplot?
Reversed Cards
- manipulating the variables of interest and 2. holding constant (“controlling”) other variables
Experiments enable researchers to isolate the effects of one or more variables by doing what?
Reversed Cards
receive treatment
experimental group does what?
Reversed Cards
not receive the treatment
control group does what?
Reversed Cards
assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance so there are not preexisting differences between the groups
what is random assignment?
Reversed Cards
when neither the participants nor the research assistants who administer the drug and collect data will know which group is receiving the treatment
What is a double blind procedure?
Reversed Cards
the cause of something, the variable who’s effect is being study so the people are bing studied they are the independent variable
What is independent variable?
Reversed Cards
a factor other than the thing be tested that could have an effect in an experiment
What is confounding variable
Reversed Cards
the outcome
What is dependent variable
Reversed Cards
to observe and record behavior
Descriptive method of research?
Reversed Cards
to detect naturally occuring relationships; to asses how one variable predicts the other
correlational method of research
Reversed Cards
to explore cause and effect
experimental research method
