development test or the 4th test Flashcards
developmental psychology
examines our physical, cognitive, and social development cross the life span
what are the three things developmental psychology focus on
nature and nurture, continuity and stages, and stability and change
what is nature vs nature in developmental psychology
how does our genetic make up interact with our experiences to influence our development
what is continuity and stages in developmental psychology
what parts develop when like age
what is stability and chafe in developmental psychology
which of our traits persist through life? How do we chafe as we age?
zygote
fertilized egg, 2 week change into embryo
embryo
zygote’s inner cell. developing human from 2 weeks to two months
placenta
life-link that transfers nutrients and oxygen from mother to embryo
fetus
developing human from 9 weeks after conception to birth
teratogens
agents such as viruses and drugs, can damage an embryo or fetus
Fetal alcohol syndrome
physical and mental abnormalities in children caused by women’s heavy drinking
habituation
decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
maturation
the orderly sequence of biological growth - decrees many of our commonalities
Cognitive development
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
schemas
concepts or mental molds into which we pour our experiences
assimilate
interpret our new experiences in terms of our current understanding (schemas)
accomodate
adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
Sensorimotor stage
birth to nearly age 2, babies take in the world through their senses and action, looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping
object permanece
the awareness that objects continue to exist when not perceived. like if you hide a toy and infant will look for it temporarily
Preoperational Stage
stage from age 2 to 6 or 7 during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
conservation
the principle that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape. like when the same water is poured into a bigger glass they think there is more
egocentrism
the pre operational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view
theory of mind
people’s ideas about their own and other’s mental states, about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict
concrete operational stage
ages 6 or 7 to about 11, where children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about cornet events
formal operational stage
stage begins at age 12, where people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
stranger anxiety
fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months
attachment
an emotional tie with another person; seen in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
critical period
an optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development
imprinting
the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during an early life critical period
temperament
a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
basic trust
sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
who came up with the basic trust idea
erik erikson
sel-concept
thoughts and feelings about ourselves. Who am I?
authoritarian parenting style
parents impose rules and expect obedience
permissive parenting style
parents submit to their children’s desires
authoritative parenting style
parents are both demanding and responsive
gender
socially constructed roles and characteristics by which culture defines male and female
aggression
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
gender role
set of expected behaviors for males and for females
role
set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
gender identity
our sense of being male or female
social learning theory
theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by vein rewarded or punished for acting in certain ways
gender typing
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
transgender
a umbrella term describing people shoe gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex
adolescence
transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
identity
our sense of self
how does a adolescent find their identity?
according to erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
social identity
the “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group memberships, like if you are on a team or not
intimacy
the ability to form emotionally close relationships
when is intimacy developed
late adolescence and early adulthood
emerging adulthood
18 to mid twenties, this bridges the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood
x chromosome
received from mother, females have two and men have on, two x’s equal female
y chromosome
only found in males. males can give x or y chromosome to women. if its a y matched with the women its a boy
testosterone
principle male hormone. stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
puberty
period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
primary sex characteristics
body structures that make sexual reproduction possible. such as ovaries, testes, and external genitalia
secondary sex characteristics
nonreproductive sexual traits, females breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
menarche
first menstrual period
AIDS
life threatening STD
what does AIDS do
weakens immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections
sexual orientation
our enduring sexual attraction towards members of our own sex (homosexual), the other sex (heterosexual), or both sexes (bisexual) or asexual where you like neither
menopause
when menstraul cycles end, usually a few years of age 50
cross-sectional study
a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
longitudinal study
research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
social clock
the definition of the “right time” to leave home, get a job, marry, have children, retire, or have age or something
Reversed Cards
examines our physical, cognitive, and social development cross the life span
developmental psychology
Reversed Cards
nature and nurture, continuity and stages, and stability and change
what are the three things developmental psychology focus on
Reversed Cards
how does our genetic make up interact with our experiences to influence our development
what is nature vs nature in developmental psychology
Reversed Cards
what parts develop when like age
what is continuity and stages in developmental psychology
Reversed Cards
which of our traits persist through life? How do we chafe as we age?
what is stability and chafe in developmental psychology
