Social: Piliavin

Question 1

Background / Theories

Answer 1

pluralistic ignorance, ambiguity of the situation, diffusion of responsibility, bystander apathy
good samaritanism research often uses labs

Question 2

aim

Answer 2

to investigate the effect of several variables on the likelihood of helping behaviour in a real life setting

Question 3

method

Answer 3

field- A to D trains on 8th avenue of new York subway approx7.5 mins

Question 4

IV

Answer 4

type of victim
- drunk or cane
- race of victims black or white
- effect of model- 70 or 150s, critical or adjacent area, no model
- size of witnessing group- naturally occurring

Question 5

sample

Answer 5

4450 men and women on New York sub weekdays between 11 and 3, 15th April and 26th June 1968
45% black 55% white

Question 5

sample

Answer 5

4450 men and women on New York sub weekdays between 11 and 3, 15th April and 26th June 1968
45% black 55% white

Question 6

sample

Answer 6

4450 men and women on New York sub weekdays between 11 and 3, 15th April and 26th June 1968
45% black 55% white

Question 7

victims

Answer 7

3w 1b, 26-35 years old identically dressed, general studies students, drunk victim- smell of alcohol carries bottle in paper bag, cane- sober carrying black cane

Question 8

models

Answer 8

white males 24-29
1-critical area early
2-critical area late
3-adjacent area early
4-adjacent area late

Question 9

DV

Answer 9

race, sex, location of passengers, number of helpers, time taken for help, comments made

Question 10

procedure

Answer 10

> victim stands near pole in critical area
70s into journey, staggers forward and collapses, remains on floor looking up at ceiling till help arrives
if no help, model helps them up
at next stop team leave train wait till passengers leave and board train in opposite direction
6-8 trials per day using same victim condition
more cane than drunk as one team didn’t like playing drunk

Question 11

results

Answer 11

spontaneous help: cane 95% drunk 50%
Help: cane 100% drunk 81%
>quicker help for cane
>90% first helpers male
>some evidence for same race effect in drunk
>no evidence of diffusion of responsibility
>more comments made in drunk

Question 12

conclusions

Answer 12

> ill individuals more likely to receive help
men more likely to help in mixed gender groups
more likely to help same race if victims situation is self-inflicted
help more likely in situation people can’t leave
cost-reward analysis conducted before helping people