Social: Levine

Question 1

Background

Answer 1

> previous research centres on variable of population size in relation to helping
collectivism vs individualism

Question 2

aims

Answer 2

> identify if a cities tendency to offer help to strangers is stable across a wide range of cultures
to obtain a descriptive body of data on helping behaviour using identical procedures across cultures
to identify country-level variables that might relate to differences in helping

Question 3

method

Answer 3

cross-cultural, quasi field

Question 4

design

Answer 4

independent measures

Question 5

IV

Answer 5

city, 23 different countries

Question 6

DV

Answer 6

helping rate
correlations between population size, economic well-being, cultural values, pace of life

Question 7

sample

Answer 7

> large cities in 23 countries
pps individuals in cities
measures conducted in 2 o more locations in main downtown area during business hours on clear days during summer 1992-1997
dropped pen and hurt leg- people on own, children, elderly, disabled, unable to help all excluded
pps second potential person who crossed pre-determined line

Question 8

procedure- experimenters

Answer 8

> students travelling home / to foreign countries
cross-cultural psychologists and their students in other countries volunteered
all males in casual dress

Question 9

procedure- standardisation

Answer 9

> all have field training and instruction sheet
exp practise on each other
no verbal communication required

Question 10

procedure- dropped pen

Answer 10

> walk at standardised pace
approach solitary pedestrian
10-15ft from pp drop pen from pocket and keep walking
help=picking up pen or informing of drop

Question 11

procedure- hurt leg

Answer 11

> walk with heavy limp and leg brace
dropped and try but fail to pick up pile of magazines
20ft of pedestrian
help= offering to help or help without offer

Question 12

procedure- blind person crossing street

Answer 12

> exp dressed in dark glasses and carrying white cane
stop at a corner before light turns green
trial ends after 60s or when light turns red
help= pps tell them light is green

Question 13

results

Answer 13

> all positive correlaions
no sig gender diff in helping
low correlation between community variables and helping
sig relationship between economic productivity and helping
faster cities= slightly less likely
no relationship between population size and helping
individualist countries less likely, sympatia countries more helpful overall
as wealth increased help decreased

Question 14

results- hurt leg

Answer 14

most help- costa rica
least- Bulgaria

Question 15

results- dropped pen

Answer 15

most help- Brazil
least- Malaysia

Question 16

results- blind

Answer 16

most help- Brazil, Costa Rica
least- Thailand

Question 17

conclusions

Answer 17

> cross cultural variations in helping rates
helping inversely related to economic productivity
countries with sympatia traditional value more helpful