research methods Flashcards
what are the ethical principles
respect, integrity, competence, responsibility
what are the ethical guidelines
consent, confidentiality, deception, debrief, right to withdraw, protection from harm
what is reliability
how easily the experiment can be replicated
what is validity
if the study measures what it sets out to measure
what is usefulness
how easily something can be used and applied to the real world
what is generalisability
how much the sample represents the general population, if it can be applied to them
what is determinism
it shows that behaviour is pre-determined and out of our control
what is free will
shows our behaviour is purely our own choice
what is individual
that behaviour is due to the individual
what is situational
that behaviour is due to the situation we are placed in
what is nature
that behaviour is due to our biological makings
what is nurture
that behaviour is due to our environment and upbringing
what is reductionism
behaviour has been reduced down to simplistic factors and doesn’t look at the whole picture
what is holism
looks at the individual as a whole to determine behaviour
what is a structured observation
using pre-defined catagories for behaviour and pre-determined questions
what is an unstructured observation
no pre-defined categories, record everything observed
what is a naturalistic observation
observed in the pps natural environment
what is a controlled observation
observing pps in a situation made by the researcher
what is a participant observation
the researcher acts as a participant
what is a non participant observation
researcher doesn’t involve themselves in the observation
what is an overt observation
pps aware they are being observed in an unnatural setting
what is a covert observation
pps unaware they are being observed, in a natural setting
what is a structured interview
contain pre-determined questions
what is a semi-structured interview
some pre-determined questions and some made up in the interview
what is an unstructured interview
no pre-determined questions
induction
starts with our experience of the world and proposed explanations based on these experiences
deduction
starts with 2 statements and uses logic to reach new conclusions based on those statements
what is used in a parametric test?
populations drawn from should be normally distributed
variance of populations and data should be equal
should have interval or ratio data
no extreme scores
