Social Issues Flashcards
Social Issues
Average U.S. white family’s wealth: $________
Average U.S. black family’s wealth: $________
Average U.S. white family’s wealth: $170,000
Average U.S. black family’s wealth: $17,000
Social Issues
When and via what legislation did U.S. slavery become illegal?
1865
The 13th Amendment
Social Issues
When was the final U.S. slave freed?
Juneteenth
1865
Social Issues
What was accomplished by the 1866 Civil Rights Act?
To define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law
Social Issues
The Post-Slavery Great Migration
In 1910, ___% of African Americans lived in the South, but by 1970, this was true of only ___%.
The Post-Slavery Great Migration
In 1910, 89% of African Americans lived in the South, but by 1970, this was true of only 53%.
(Following 1864, former slaves began moving as far away as the majority of counties in Montana - where they flourished for a time, until racist sentiments revived and drove them out / consolidated them in urban ghettos.)
Social Issues
When did reconstruction end?
Following the election of which President?
1877
Hayes
Social Issues
What occurred following the 1877 end of reconstruction under President Hayes?
Southern violence, racist sentiment, and sharecropping schemes exploded
Social Issues
1883 legislation ruled what in relation to the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
That housing discrimination did not violate the act
(giving the green light to housing discrimination)
Social Issues
Jim Crow laws were first established in what year?
1887
Social Issues
How did racial feelings in the U.S. change in the early 1900s?
Racial animous increased and African Americans were expelled from their new homes across the nation
(e.g. African Americans in Montant went from being members of nearly all counties to being present in only a few isolated locations within the state.)
Social Issues
What legislation established the ‘separate but equal’ ruling?
In what year?
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896
Social Issues
In the 19__s, the ______ and ______ administrations promoted zoning laws designed to separate the races.
In the 1920s, the Harding and Hoover administrations promoted zoning laws designed to separate the races.
Social Issues
True/False.
The 1930s Roosevelt administration New Deal programs managed to reverse some of the racial damage done by the Harding and Hoover administrations’ zoning laws.
False.
The 1930s Roosevelt administration New Deal programs continued and expanded the housing segregation.
Social Issues
Starting in the 19___s, the FHA and VA rejected blacks seeking insurance in white communities and vice versa.
Starting in the 1940s, the FHA and VA rejected blacks seeking insurance in white communities and vice versa.
Social Issues
What legislation established high-rise projects in urban areas, thus consolidating/segregating poor blacks in city centers?
The 1949 Housing Act
Social Issues
In the 1940s, the FHA, VA, and many state constitutions had explicit segregationist rules for _________/_________ (well over half of all mortgages and nearly all subdivision financing nationwide).
In the 1940s, the FHA, VA, and many state constitutions had explicit segregationist rules for insurance/mortgages (well over half of all mortgages and nearly all subdivision financing nationwide).
(This subdivision development was almost always only for whites.)
Social Issues
What decision about the Brown v. Board of Education decision on school segregation was made in 1955?
It was ruled to not apply to housing segregation
Social Issues
What three major pro- racial equality legislations were passed in the 1960s?
1. The Civil Rights Act
2. The Voting Rights Act
3. The Fair Housing Act
Social Issues
Despite the passing of the Fair Housing Act in the late 1960s, what decision was passed in 1971?
The 1950s state constitutions requiring referendums on suburban integration were upheld as constitutional
Social Issues
True/False.
1950s state constitutions requiring referendums on suburban integration were upheld as constitutional as recently as the 1970s.
True.
Many cities continue to cluster public housing in predominately black neighborhoods (as opposed to the recommended scatter-site projects)
Social Issues
The war on drugs was begun by President __________ in 19___.
The war on drugs was begun by President Nixon in 1971.
(As a way of targeting hippies via marijuana and African Americans via heroin.)
Social Issues
Which President of the 1980s expanded on Nixon’s war on drugs, mandating severe penalties and minimum prison sentences?
Reagan
Social Issues
Name some of the effects of the post-Nixon, Reagan war on drugs.
Massive increase in incarcerations, especially along race lines (see crack cocaine vs. powder cocaine distinction)
Social Issues
The race riots and rise of the black power movement in the 1980s arose out of what policies?
The war on drugs / mass incarceration
Social Issues
Racial tensions flared during the 1990s in the face of public examples of what?
Police brutality
Social Issues
In the 2000s and 2010s, we’ve still struggled most obviously with systemic racial inequalities along what the lines?
Policing,
drug prosecution,
mass incarceration
Social Issues
True/False.
Blacks are more likely to live in impoverished, crime-ridden areas and are much more likely to be arrested, especially for drug abuse, as drug use rates are much higher among poor minorities.
False.
Blacks are more likely to live in impoverished, crime-ridden areas and are much more likely to be arrested, especially for drug abuse, even though drug use rates are similar across class lines.
Social Issues
The U.S. prison system has increased by ____% since 1980.
The U.S. prison system has increased by 600% since 1980.
From ~0.25 million to ~1.5 million (with another ~1 million in jail).
