Social influence research Flashcards
Asch: Aim
Test majority influence in unambiguous situation (clear correct answer)
How many pps did arch use and who were they
123 make students
How many people were in each group in asch study?
7- 1 pp, 6 confederates
How many were critical trials in asch study
12/18
What was the overall % conformity in asch original study
32%
How many conformed at least once in asch study
75%
What was situational variable 1 (asch) and how did it effect conformity %
Task difficulty made harder- conformity increased
What was situational variable 2 (asch) and how did it effect conformity %
Unanimity- one confederate gave correct answer- conformity fell to 5%
What was situational variable 3 (asch) and how did it effect conformity %
Group size- one confederate- conformity fell to 3%
What was the procedure of asch study
Told to say out loud which line matched length of stimulus- confederates gave wrong answers then pp was asked
Aim of sheriffs experiment
Test conformity to group norms in ambiguous situation (answer unclear)
Procedure of sheriffs study
Used illusion where spot of light appears to move but actually doesn’t- pps told to estimate how far it moved individually then out loud in group of 3 pps to see how estimates changed
How many pps were in each group in sheriffs study
3
What were the findings of sheriffs study
Estimates all varied individually but in group they became more similar as they looked for guidance from others- common group estimate
Aim of Zimbardos Stanford prison experiment
Investigate conformity to social roles in simulated prison environment
Where was Zimbardos SPE
Stanford university basement
What sampling was used in Zimbardos SPE
Volunteer
How many pps were used in Zimbardos SPE and who were they
24 male students
Ho were Zimbardos pps tested before study
On mental and physical stability
What allocation was used in Zimbardos SPE
Random allocation
What was procedure of Zimbardos SPE
*Randomly allocated role of prisoner or guard
*Prisoners strip searched, deli used and arrested from homes
*prisoners given number and guards given reflective glasses/uniform for deindividuation
Findings of Zimbardos SPE
- cut short after 6/14 days
- prisoners rebelled after 2 days for guards harsh treatment
*guards abusive towards prisoners- verbally and physically
*5 prisoners released due to anxiety/extreme reactions
*prisoners became more passive - zimbardo as superintendent
Aim of milgrams obedience study
Test obedience to authority figure even when harming someone
How many pps were used in milgrams obedience study and who were they
40 American male volunteers
Who was on each group in milgrams study
Participant as teacher, actor as experimenter wearing lab coat and confederate as learner
What was procedure in milgrams obedience study
Pps drew fixed straw and assigned role of teacher
Told to administer shocks every time learner got question wrong
If they wanted to stop 4 verbal prods were used to make them continue e.g. the experiment requires you to continue
What was the max Voltage and increment size
450V up in 15V increments
How many people continued to 300V (milgrams)
100%
How many refused to continue to 450V (milgrams)
35%
How many variations of milgrams study were there
18
What was milgrams variation 1 and effect on % of obedience
Location in rundown offices- fell to 47.5%
What was milgrams variation 2 and effect on % of obedience
Proximity to learner- touch proximity - fell to 30%
What was milgrams variation 3 and effect on % of obedience
Proximity to authority figure- orders over phone- fell to 20.5%
What was milgrams variation 4 and effect on % of obedience
Social support- 2 confederates also as teachers refused to go past 300V- fell to 10%
Aim of bickmans study
Investigate power of uniform in obedience
What type of experiment was bickmans
Field
What were the outfits of the male actors in bickmans
Milkman
Guard
Pedestrian
What was the procedure of bickmans study
Actor gave orders to person on street e.g pick up a bad- observed how many people obeyed them
What % pps obeyed in each condition of bickmans study
Guard- 76%
Milkman- 46%
Pedestrian-30%
