social Influence

Question 1

What are the three types of conformity identified by Kelman?

Answer 1

Compliance, Identification, Internalisation.

Question 2

What is compliance?

Answer 2

Superficial conformity where one publicly agrees but privately disagrees.

Question 3

What is internalisation?

Answer 3

Deep conformity where a person genuinely adopts group norms as their own.

Question 4

What is identification?

Answer 4

Conforming to group norms because you value the group and want to be part of it.

Question 5

What are the two explanations for conformity according to Deutsch and Gerard?

Answer 5

Normative Social Influence (NSI) and Informational Social Influence (ISI).

Question 6

What is Normative Social Influence (NSI)?

Answer 6

Conforming to be liked or accepted by the group.

Question 7

What is Informational Social Influence (ISI)?

Answer 7

Conforming to be right when unsure of the correct answer.

Question 8

What did Asch’s line study find?

Answer 8

36.8% average conformity rate; 75% conformed at least once.

Question 9

What happened to conformity when Asch added a dissenting confederate?

Answer 9

Conformity dropped to 5.5%.

Question 10

What is the effect of task difficulty on conformity?

Answer 10

More difficult tasks increase conformity due to ISI.

Question 11

What did Zimbardo’s prison study demonstrate?

Answer 11

People conform to social roles, sometimes very quickly and strongly.

Question 12

Why was Zimbardo’s study stopped early?

Answer 12

Participants showed extreme behaviour; ethical concerns arose.

Question 13

What did Milgram’s obedience study find?

Answer 13

65% of participants gave the maximum 450V shock.

Question 14

What situational variables affected obedience in Milgram’s variations?

Answer 14

Proximity, location, and uniform.

Question 15

What is the agentic state?

Answer 15

A mental state where individuals see themselves as acting on behalf of an authority.

Question 16

What is legitimacy of authority?

Answer 16

Obedience is more likely when the authority is seen as legitimate and powerful.

Question 17

What is the authoritarian personality?

Answer 17

A personality type more likely to obey authority, linked with strict upbringing.

Question 18

What is locus of control?

Answer 18

A belief about whether outcomes are controlled internally or externally.

Question 19

How does internal locus of control affect resistance?

Answer 19

People with an internal LOC are more likely to resist pressure to conform or obey.

Question 20

How does social support help resist social influence?

Answer 20

Seeing others resist reduces the pressure to conform or obey.

Question 21

What are the three factors influencing minority influence?

Answer 21

Consistency, commitment, and flexibility.

Question 22

What did Moscovici’s study show?

Answer 22

Consistent minorities can influence the majority.

Question 23

What is the snowball effect in social change?

Answer 23

Minority influence grows gradually until it becomes majority-held.

Question 24

What is social cryptomnesia?

Answer 24

People adopt social change but forget how it happened or who started it.

Question 25

what are the explanations for obedience

Answer 25

- agentic state - legitimancy of authority

Question 26

what comes under agentic state (3)

Answer 26

- agentic state - Autonomous state - Agentic shift - Binding factors

Question 27

what is agentic state?

Answer 27

- Milgram proposed that obedience to destructive authority occcurs bc a person has become an 'agent', someone wbo acts in place of another. - person feels no personal responsibility for their actions.

Question 28

autonomous state means?

Answer 28

'Autonomy' means to be independent or free. - behaves according to their principles and feels responsible for their actions.

Question 29

Agentic Shift?

Answer 29

The shift form 'autonomy' to begin 'agentic'. - Milgram suggested that this occurs when we percieve someome else as an authority figure. - This person has power because of their position in the social heirachy

Question 30

Binding factors?

Answer 30

- reduce 'moral strian' - aspects of a situation that allow the person to ignore or minimise the damaging effect of their behaviour and reduce the 'moral strain' they feel. - Milgram proprosed a number of strategies the individual uses, such as shifting the responsibility to the victim or denying the damage they are doing to the victims.

Question 31

Authorities have legitimacy through society's agreement.

Answer 31

The power thsat authorities weild is legitimate bc it is agreed by society. Most of us accept that authority should excersise social power over others toa llow society to function smoothly.

Question 32

Leaders use legitimate powers for destructive purposes.

Answer 32

History has shown that some leaders (hitler and stalin) use legitimate authority destructively, ordering ppl to behave in cruel and dangerous ways.

Question 33

Who did a study regarding Authoritarian personality?

Answer 33

Adorno et al. (1950)

Question 34

what did Adorno conclude?

Answer 34

concluded that ppl with an authoritarian personality are especially obedient to authority. They: have exaggerated respect for authority and submissiveness to it. - Express contempt for ppl of inferior status. Authoritarians tend to follow orders and view 'other' grps as responsible for society's ills.

Question 35

where does authoritarian personality orginate form?

Answer 35

- from childhood through harsh oarenting - extreme strict discipline, expectation of absolute loyalty, impossile high standards, and severe criticism. - it is also characterised by conditional love - parents' love depends entirely im how their child behaves

Question 36

where is hostility displacecd to?

Answer 36

onto social inferiors