Cognitive Approach (1960s) Flashcards
Cognitive approach
(1960s)
- Can’t be directly observed
Cognitive approach - key terms?
- Internal mental processes
-cognitive neuroscience - inference
-Schema
Key terms: Cognitive approach?
Cognitive = mental processes
→ focuses on how mental processes affect behavior
Key term: cognitive neuroscience?
- (scientific) Study of biological studies that support cognitive processes
Key term: internal mental processes?
- ‘Private’ operations of the mind (eg thoughts + perception + attention)
Key term: inference?
- How cognitive psychologists draw conclusions abet how mental processes operate on the basis of observe behavior
Key term: schema?
- Framework of beliefs expectados
- developed from experience
(Eg Chan = 4 legs, wood, back rest)
2 models psychologists use to understand internal mental process?
- Theoretical model
- computer model
Theoretical model?
→ information processing approach
Suggests.. Info flows through cognitive system in sequence of stages that include input, storage, and retrieval (multi-storage model)
Computer model?
→ human mind compared to a computer
(Concept of a central processes unit (the brain)
Schema - babies?
-Born w/ simple motor schema
→ innate behavior (sucking + grasping)
Schema → why is it useful but potentially maladaptive?
- Predictable
- can’t get out of habit
-help us process info fast - can lead to stereotypical behavior
How do advances in scans help cognitive neuroscientists?
Helps them study the neurological base of mental processes
How studied? → base of mental processes
(What was the experiment)
- Through inferences based on behavior
Experiment: inferred that you perceived rat/man because you were exposed to diff images
Aim of cognitive neuroscience?
- To map specific cognitive functions to areas of the brain
→ eg) fMRI + PET scars allow psychologists to and diff types of long term memory (episodic + semantic) are located in opposite sides of the prefrontal cortex
What does the cognitive approach focus on?
Internal mental processes like perception, memory, attention, and language.
How are internal mental processes studied?
Indirectly, through inferences based on behaviour.
What is a theoretical model in the cognitive approach?
A representation of how information flows through stages in the mind (e.g., multi-store model of memory).
What is a computer model in cognitive psychology?
A comparison of the mind to a computer: encoding, storage, retrieval.
What is a schema?
A mental framework of beliefs and expectations based on experience.
How can schemas be helpful and unhelpful?
They help process information quickly but can distort perception and lead to stereotypes.
What is cognitive neuroscience?
The study of biological structures linked to mental processes, often using brain scans like fMRI and PET.
What is one strength of the cognitive approach in terms of methods?
It uses scientific, objective methods like lab experiments.
How has cognitive neuroscience supported the cognitive approach?
It has provided biological evidence for cognitive theories through brain scans.
