Key Terms/Vocab Flashcards
Universality
2
- involving/ being shared by all people or things in the world or by a particular grp
- being true or appropriate for all situations
Beta bias
- theories that ignore or minimise sex differences.
- often assume that findings using males can apply equally to females
Free Will
- capacity of humans to make decisons or perform actions independantly of any prior event or state of the universe
Biological Determinism
the iea that all human behaviour is innate and determined by genes
Environment
the surroundings or conditions in which a person,animal, or plant lives ir operates
Biological and environmental Reductionism
-way that biological psychologists try to reduce behaviour to a physical level and explain it in terms of neurons, neurotransmitters, hormones, and brain structure, etc
-behaviourists assujme that all behaviour can be reduced to the simple building blocks of S-R (stimulus-response) associations and that complex behaviours are a series of S-R chains
Gender bias
concious/unconcious?
the tendancy to provide preferential treatment toward one gender over another,or have prejudice against a certain gender.
-unconcious stereotype
Culture bias
tendancy to judge people in terms of ones own cultural assumptions
Determinism
the belief that events that transpire are entirely out of ones own control
Environmental Determinism
the belief that the environment, most notable its physical factors such as landforms and climate, determines the patterns of human culture and societal development
Interactionalist Approach
the idea that both nature and nuture work together to hape human behaviour
Social Sensitivity
- studies where there are potential social consequences for the participants or the group of people represented by the research.
- the proficiency at which an individual can identify, perceive, and understand cues and context in social interactions along with being socially respectful to others
Androcentrism
being centred on, or dominated by males and can be conscious (individual knows they are behaving this way) or unconscious
most past psychologists were male so most theories thye produced tended to represent a male view of the world.
Ethnocentrism
tendancy to see the world through your own culture
Hard determinism
the view that forces utside of our control (biology/past experience) shape our behaviour
incompatable with free will
Psychic determinism
claims that human behaviour is the result of childhood experiences and innate drives (id, ego, and superego)
Holism
the idea that human behaviour should be viewed as a whole intergrated experience, and not as seperate parts
mind, bosy, and spirit
Idiographic
meaning own, or private
- uses qualitative research methods
Alpha bias
refers to theories that exaggerate the differencea between males and females
Cultural Relativism
the view that attitude, behaviours, values, concepts, and achievements must be understood in light of their own culture and not judged according to the standards of a different culture
Heredity
the manner in which characteristics and traits are passed in from parents to their offspring
Reductionism
a theory in pscyhology centred on reducing complex phemomena to their most basic parts
Nomothetic
psychologists who take a nomothetic approach are concerned with establishing general laws.
- with the use of quantitative techniques to analyse data
behaviourist approach
- behaviour learnt through principles of classical and operant conditioning
