Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards
psychodynamic approach
main guys name?
Sigmund Freud
3 aims of the psychodynamic approach?
- study unconcious mind -> significant influence on human behaviour
- behaviour rooted in childhood experiences
- unconcious mind (below surface) has most influence on our personality
what is the tripatite theory of personality?
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
what is the Id about? (what principle)
when is it present?
- pleasure principle
- at birth
what is the Ego about? (what principle)
when is it present?
- reality principle
- mediates btwn superego and Id.
- around 2yrs of age
what is the Superego about? (what principle)
when is it present?
- morality principle
- around 5yrs of age
What are defense mechanisms?
not examples. Just explain and give an example of explanation
chocolate
- constant disagreement btwn Id and superego -> leads to lots of anxiety
- e.g feeling guilty for having chocolate, unsatisfied if not = anxiety
- mind develops various methods of defending itself -> rationalism
defense mechanisms
3 ways the mind defends itself:
plus explain
repression - forcing stressing memory out of consious mind
denial - refusing to acknowledge some aspects of reality
displacement - transferring from the source of of distressing situations and onto a substitute target
what was freuds belief of all children are born with a …..?
libido
libido?
sexual (pleasure) urge
what is the psychosexual stages abt?
- number of stages in childhood during whcih a child seeks pleasure from a diff ‘object’
- psychologicslly healthy = successfully completed all stages
- mental abnormality can occur if a stage isnt successfully completed. person becomes ‘fixated’ and carries on certain behaviours
what are the psychosexual stages?
and when do they happen?
5
Old Age Pentioners Like Guiness
- Oral stage (0-1years)
- Anal stage (1-3yrs)
- Phallic stage (3-5yrs)
- Latent stage (6-puberty)
- Genital stage ()
what happens in oral stage + successful completion=?
- mouth is source of pleasure
- tasting and sucking
- mothers breast object of desire
- successful completion = weaning. eating independantly
whats the oral fixation?
nail biting, sarcastic, smoking, overeat, critical, sensitive to rejection
fixation meaning?
over or under gratification in a stage
what happens in Anal stage + successful completion=?
- defacation (pooping) main source of pleasure
- successful completiopn = potty trained
consequences of unresolved conflict:
- __anally retentive__ -> very tidy, stubborn, likes order and to be in control, perfectionist, obsessive
- __anally expulsive__ -> thoughtless and messy
what happens in Phallic stage?
- form of pleasure is genital area
- __Oedipus complex__ -> boy wants mother as ‘primary love object’, and wants father out the way
- __Electra complex__ -> girl experiences penis envy; they desire father, as penis is ‘primary love object’, and dislike mother bc she had father’s penis.
consequences of unresolved conflict:
- phallic personality -> narcissistic, reckless, possibly homosexual
what happens in Latency stage + successful completion=?
- early conflicts repressed
- sexual urges sublimated into sports + other hobbies
- focus on developing same sex friendships
- no particular requirement for successful compeletion
- LULL BEFORE PUBERTY!
what happens in Genital stage + successful completion=?
- pubrty into adulthood
- focus on genitals (not like phallic stage tho)
- task to develop healthy adult relationships
- this should happen if earlier stages have been negotiated successfully
consequences of unresolved conflict:
- difficulty forming heterosexual relationships
All of Freud’s research is case studies.
why are case studies bad?
- difficult to replicate
- lacks scientific methods - hard to collect data accurately
- researcher bias
- can be difficult to generalise bc its based on one person (lacks population validity)
