comparison of Approaches Flashcards
What are the key assumptions of the Biological Approach?
Behaviour is influenced by biological factors (genes, hormones, brain structure).
Who are the key theorists in the Biological Approach?
Darwin, Broca, Sperry
What are the key concepts of the Biological Approach?
Evolution, Neurotransmitters, Brain Structures
What are the strengths of the Biological Approach?
Scientific, Focus on genetics and brain function, Useful treatments
What are the weaknesses of the Biological Approach?
Reductionist, Ignores environmental factors, Deterministic
What are the key assumptions of the Cognitive Approach?
Mental processes (thinking, memory, problem-solving) influence behaviour.
Who are the key theorists in the Cognitive Approach?
Piaget, Vygotsky, Bartlett
What are the key concepts of the Cognitive Approach?
Schemas, Cognitive Development, Memory Models
What are the strengths of the Cognitive Approach?
Focus on internal processes, Practical applications (e.g., AI)
What are the weaknesses of the Cognitive Approach?
Overemphasis on computer analogy, Ignores emotions and social influences
What are the key assumptions of the Behaviourist Approach?
All behaviour is learned through interaction with the environment.
Who are the key theorists in the Behaviourist Approach?
Skinner, Pavlov, Watson
What are the key concepts of the Behaviourist Approach?
Conditioning (Classical and Operant), Reinforcement
What are the strengths of the Behaviourist Approach?
Empirical, Practical applications (e.g., therapies, education)
What are the weaknesses of the Behaviourist Approach?
Ignores mental processes, Reductionist, Ethical concerns
What are the key assumptions of the Humanistic Approach?
People are inherently good and have free will to achieve self-actualisation.
Who are the key theorists in the Humanistic Approach?
Maslow, Rogers
What are the key concepts of the Humanistic Approach?
Self-Actualisation, Unconditional Positive Regard
What are the strengths of the Humanistic Approach?
Holistic, Focus on personal growth, Client-centred therapy
What are the weaknesses of the Humanistic Approach?
Too idealistic, Unscientific, Lacks empirical support
What are the key assumptions of the Psychodynamic Approach?
Unconscious mind and early childhood experiences shape behaviour.
Who are the key theorists in the Psychodynamic Approach?
Freud, Jung, Adler
What are the key concepts of the Psychodynamic Approach?
Id, Ego, Superego, Defence Mechanisms
What are the strengths of the Psychodynamic Approach?
Emphasises the unconscious, Focus on early development
