Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYCHOLOGY > SOCIAL INFLUENCE > Flashcards

SOCIAL INFLUENCE Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of conformity

A

internalisation, identification and compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is internalisation

A

accepting group norms in public and in private

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is identification

A

wanting to be like the group, public and private change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is compliance

A

public change only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the explanations for conformity

A

normative social influence and informational social influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is normative social influence

A

desire to be liked, conforming because you want the group to like you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is informational social influence

A

desire to be right, conforming because the answer is ambiguous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 major cases for social influence

A

asch, milgram and zimbardo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the weakest type of conformity

A

compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the strongest type of conformity

A

internalisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what researcher proposed the 3 types of conformity

A

kelman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 3 types of conformity

A

internalisation, identification, compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is internalisation

A

when someone genuinely accepts the group norms, private and public change of opinions/behaviour even in absence of group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is identification

A

we conform to the opinions/behaviour of a group because there is something about the group we value, we want to be part it, publicly change opinion even if privately don’t agree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is compliance

A

‘going along with others’ in public but privately not changing opinion, superficial change, ends when group pressure stops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

asch procedure

A

showed ppts two large white cards at a time - one card was a ‘standard line’ and the other had three ‘comparison lines’. one of the lines was the same length and the other two were obviously not. ppts asked which one matched standard. each naive ppts were tested individually with a group of 6-8 confederates. (not aware that they are confeds)
- on first few trials confeds gave right answer
- all confeds instructed to give same wrong answer
- each ppts participated in 18 trials, 12 with confed wrong answer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

asch sample

A

123 american male undergrads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

findings from asch study

A
  • naive ppts gave wrong answer 36.8% of the time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what percent of naive ppts conformed at least once

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why did ppts in asch study conform

A

to avoid rejection (NSI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what variations did asch carry out

A

group size, unanimity, task difficulty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how did asch test unanimity

A

introduced a confed who disagreed - somtimes correct or wrong answer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how did unanimity affect aschs findings

A

conformity reduced by a 1/4 from the level it was when the majority was unanimous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how did asch change task difficulty

A

made the stimulus line and the comparison lines more similar in length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
findings of asch increasing task difficulty
conformity increased because of isi
26
sample for zimbardo
volunteer students of stanford university who were deemed 'emotionally stable' following extensive testing
27
how were the students assigned role of prisoner/guard
randomly
28
what was done to heighten the realism of the study
prisoners were arrested in their homes by local police and delivered to prison - then blindfolded, strip-searched, deloused and issued a uniform and number
29
what were the social roles of the prisoners
- daily routines heavily regulated - 16 rules they had to follow enforced by the guards who worked shifts (3 at a time) - names never used, only numbers
30
describe guard social role
had uniform with wooden club, handcuff, keys, mirror shades - told they had complete power eg even when prisoners could go to the toilet
31
when was the study stopped and how long was it supposed to last
6 days, supposed to last 14 days
32
what tactics did the guards employ
'divide-and-rule' - played off prisoners against each other
33
how long did it take for the prisoners to rebel
2 days
34
what happened to the prisoners after the rebellion
they became depressed, subdued, and anxious
35
reasons for early release of prisoner on day 1
showing symptoms of mental disturbance,
36
what happened to the guards as the experiment progressed
identified more closely with their role, behaviour became more brutal and aggressive
37
what sparked milgrams research
the holocaust
38
milgram procedure
40 male ppts through newspaper advert that said he was looking for ppts for a study about memory, aged between 20-50, jobs ranged from unskilled to professional, offered $4.50
39
procedure of milgram study
confed always 'learner' role. true ppts was 'teacher'. there was also an experimenter (also a confed) in a lab coat. ppts were told they could leave the study at any time. - learner strapped in chair in another room and wired with electrodes - teacher required to shock with every wrong answer - shock level started at 15 (slight shock) - rose to 450 volts (danger - severe shock) - when teacher got to 300 volts, learner pounded on wall and gave no response to next q - 315 volts, same and didnt respond after
40
what prods did experimenter use milgram
1 - 'please continue' 2 - 'the experiment requires that you continue' 3 - 'it is absolutely essential that you continue' 4 - 'you have no other choice, you must go on'
41
findings of milgram experiment
- NO PPTS STOPPED BELOW 300 VOLTS!!! - 5 ppts stopped at 300 volts - 65% continued to highest level of 450 volts
42
what did milgram collect alongside quantitative data
qualitative data - observations that the ppts showed signs of extreme tension eg sweat, stutter, bite lip, groan, dig fingernails into hand, 3 even had seizures!!!!!!!!!!!!
43
how does milgram follow ethics
all ppts debriefed and assured behaviour was normal, also sent follow up questionnaire where 84% reported glad to have participated
44
why did milgram carry out more variations of his study
in order to consider the situational variables that might create greater or lesser obedience
45
what are the three variations of milgrams study
proximity, location and uniform
46
what was different in the proximity variation milgram
the teacher and learner were in the same room
47
effect of proximity variation on obedience if the teacher and learner were in the same room
obedience fell from 65% to 40%
48
effect of promximity if experimenter gave orders by phone
obedience only 20.5%
49
effect of proximity if experimenter forces learners hand onto plate
30%
50
effect of proximity if the location is changed t run-down office
47.5%
51
when did obedience fall the most - what was the rate
when lab experimenter was 'called out' and 'member of the public' resumed - 20%
52
social-psychological factors of obedience
agentic state and legitimacy of authority
53
who was milgrams research into agentic state sparked by
adolf eichmann who said he was only obeying orders
54
what is the agentic state
a person does not take responsibility, they believe they are acting for someone else, feel powerless to disobey
55
what is the opposite to the agentic state
being in an autonomous state - being free to behave according to their own principles and therefore feeling a sense of responsibility for their own actions
56
what is the shift between agentic and autonomous state called
agentic shift
57
why does the agnetic shift occur
when a person feels perceives someone else as a figure of authority, the other person has greater power in the social hierarchy
58
why do people stay in agentic state
binding factors
59
what are binding factors
aspects of the situation that allow the person to ignore or minimise the damaging effect of their behaviour and thus reduce their own moral strain
60
examples of people in positions of authority
police, parents, teachers, bouncers
61
why is the authority of certain people legit
it is agreed by society so that it functions smoothly
62
what is the consequence of legitimacy of authority
some people are granted the power to punish others
63
examples of when legit authority becomes destructive
hitler, pol pot, stalin
64
how was destructive authority demonstrated in milgram's study
when experimenter used prods to order ppts to behave in ways that went against their conscience
65
what conclusion did adorno reach on obedience
high levels of obedience was a psychological disorder
66
adorno sample
2000 middle class, white americans
67
what did adorno attempt to measure
unconscious attitudes of white americans to other racial groups
68
what scale is used to measure authoritarian personality
f-scale (fascism)
69
findings about people with authoritarian leanings
- identified with strong people - contemptuous of the 'weak' - conscious of their own and others status - respect to those of a higher status - conventional attitudes toward sex, gender, race - no grey areas, everything is either right or wrong
70
what was the cognitive style of authoritarian people
fixed and distinct stereotypes of other groups, strong correlation with prejudice
71
how does authoritarian personality type develop
childhood - if harsh parents characterised by strict discipline, expectation of loyalty, high standards and severe criticisms of perceived failings, conditional love on behaviour
72
how do parents lead to authoritarian personality traits
resentment for parents in displaced onto weaker others - scapegoating
73
what type of approach is adornos explanation
psychodynamic
74
what are the two elements effected by social support
conformity and obedience
75
who proposed the locus of control
rotter
76
what do internals believe
things that happen to them are largely controlled by themselves eg doing well in an exam because you worked hard
77
what do externals believe
things happen without their own control eg failing an exam because the questions were hard
78
which LOC is more likely to be able to resist pressure to conform
internal LOC as they take personal responsibility for their actions
79
personality traits of someone with high internal LOC
more self-confident, more achievement-oriented, high intelligence and less need for social approval
80
what is minority influence
situations where one person or a small group of people influences the beliefs and behaviour of other people
81
what type of conformity is minority influence most likely to lead to
internalisation
82
researcher for minority influence
moscovici - blue slide green slide
83
3 main processes in minority influence
consistency, commitment, flexibility
84
how does consistency lead to influence
increases amount of interest from other people. makes other people start to rethink their own views 'maybe they've got a point'
85
how does commitment lead to influence
extreme activities draw attention to views. these must be at some risk! 'they really believe what the are saying so perhaps i should listen' - augmentation principle
86
how does flexibility lead to influence
consistency may be interpreted negatively as rigid and inflexible. instead, must be prepared to adapt point and accept reasonable counter-arguments.
87
who suggested flexibility
nemeth
88
what is the snowball effect
increasing numbers of people switch from majority to minority view , they have become converted. the more this happens, the faster the rate of conversion. gradually, the minority view is now the majority.
89
provide a real life example of minority change
civil rights movement
90
steps in minority influence applied to civil rights movement
1. drawing attention in civil rights marches 2. consistency of message and intent 3. deeper processing of the 'status quo' 4. augmentation principle risking lives on freedom rides 5. snowball effect 1964 civil rights act 6. social cryptomnesia there was social change but how did it happen?!
91
example of how conformity research can be helpful in everyday life
make people recycle (others do) or young people stop smoking (most young people don't smoke)
92

PSYCHOLOGY (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions