Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYCHOLOGY > MEMORY > Flashcards

MEMORY Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three stores of memory

A

coding, capacity and duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is coding

A

the format/type of information which is stored in each memory store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is memory coded in stm

A

acoustically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is memory coded in ltm

A

semantically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

researcher for coding

A

baddeley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

procedure of baddleys study

A

gave different lists of words to four groups of ppts to remember:
- 1 (acoustically similar)
- 2 (acoustically dissimilar)
- 3 (semantically similar)
- 4 (semantically dissimilar)
ppts show original words and asked to recall them in the correct order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

results of baddleys study

A

when stm recall, ppts tended to do worse with acoustically similar words
when ltm recall (20 mins), ppts did worse with semantically similar words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

findings of baddleys study

A

information is coded semantically in ltm and acoustically in stm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is duration

A

the length of time information can be held in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 researchers for durations

A

jacobs and miller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what did jacobs research

A

digit span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

procedure for jacobs digit span

A

reads off increasing digits for ppts to recall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

findings of jacobs study

A

the mean span for digits across all ppts was 9.3 items, for letters 7.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what did miller study

A

span of memory and chunking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

miller procedure

A

observations of everyday practice eg things come in sevens (seven deadly sins, seven notes on music scale, seven days of week)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

miller findings

A

the capacity of stm is about 7 items plus or minus 2 BY CHUNKING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is duration

A

the length of time information can be held in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 researchers for duration

A

peterson & peterson and bahrick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sample for peterson and peterson

A

24 undergraduate students

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

procedure of duration of stm

A

each student took part in 8 trials, on each trial the student was given a consonant syllable (trigram) to remember and a 3 digit number, student then asked to call backward from 3 digit number until told to stop, each trial told to stop after different time: 3,6,9,12,15,18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why did ppts count backwards in peterson and peterson study

A

to prevent mental rehearsal of consonant syllable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the time ppts had to count for called - peterson and peterson study

A

retention interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

findings of peterson and peterson study

A

stm has a short duration - 18 seconds - unless we rehearse

25
sample of bahricks study
392 ppts from ohio aged between 17 and 74
26
procedure of bahricks study
recall tested in various ways incl. 1. photo-recognition test consisting of 50 photos, some from yearbook 2. free recall of graduating class
27
findings of bahricks study
ppts who were tested within 15 years of graduation were about 90% accurate in photo recognition after 48 years, recall 70% free recall worse! after 15 years 60% accurate after 48 years 30% accurate
28
conclusion of bahricks study
ltm lasts a lifetime
29
limitation of baddleys study
it used artificial stimuli rather than meaningful material - word list had no personal meaning to ppts, and so findings have limited application
30
limitation of jacobs study
it was conducted a long time ago and so may have lacked adequate control eg ppts being distracted and so confounding variables were not controlled
31
limitation of millers research
overestimated capacity of STM - cowan found it to be 4 chunks through reviewing other research
32
limitation of p and p study
stimulus material was artificial , and so lacks external validity
33
strength of bahricks study and study to prove this
higher external validity, real-life meaningful memories were studied shepard study had lower recall rates since meaningless pictures!
34
limitation of bahricks study
confounding variables EG ppts may have looked at yearbook photos and rehearsed memory over the years
35
what are the two main stores of memory
iconic and echoic
36
who came up with the msm
atkinson and shiffrin
37
what does the msm describe
how information flows through the memory system - memory is made up of three stores linked by processing
38
first step of msm
stimulus from environment
39
where does stimulus from environment go
sensory register - iconic, echoic, other sensory stores
40
where does info from sensory register go
stm
41
where does info from stm go
ltm
42
how does info go from stm to ltm
prolonged maintenance rehearsal
43
how does info go from ltm to stm
retrieval
44
how do we remember things
moving info from ltm to stm
45
examples of stimulus from environment
sights, sounds, smells eg sound of someone’s name
46
duration of sensory register
less than half a second
47
capacity of sensory register
VERY HIGH eg over one hundred million cells in one eye
48
what is the key process for information to pass from the sensory register to the memory system
attention
49
when does maintenance rehearsal occur
when we reappear material to ourselves over and over again
50
what was HM suffering from
seizures - underwent brain surgery
51
what was removed from HM’s brain
hippocampus and amygalada
52
how does hm support msm
shows stm and ltm as two separate systems - his stm stayed intact whereas his ltm deteriorated
53
how does clive wearing support msm
different memory stores for short and long term memory - ltm intact but stm badly affected
54
how can you criticises hm and cw as case studies
idiographic! so we can’t generalise
55
support from msm from glanzer and cunitz
introduced interference task in form of ppts counting down backwards in threes for ten seconds at end of list and before recall to eliminate recency effect. recall good in earlier items which had been rehearsed and entered ltm
56
limitation from kulik and brown
flashbulb memories - highly emotional and significant events imprinted straight into ltm
57
limitation from shallice and warrington - KF
kf revived brain damage from motorcycle accident , forgetting auditory greater than forgetting visual shows different types of stm
58
limitation from craik and watkins
there are two types of rehearsal - maintenance rehearsal in msm and elobortaive rehearsal needed for long term storage which occurs when you link the information to your existing knowledge or you think about what it means
59

PSYCHOLOGY (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions