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social influence Flashcards

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1
Q

what is conformity

A

is the tendency to change what we do think and say in response of pressure of others

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2
Q

how many types of conformity are there

A

Three

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3
Q

what the types of conformity

A

compliance,
internalisation, identification

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4
Q

what is compliance

A

is conforming to gain approval of others. You conform publically not privately

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5
Q

what is internalisation

A

is when they have accepted the views of the group so conform both pub and privately

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6
Q

what is identification

A

is conforming to the group because wants to be accepted. it is temp change

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7
Q

how many explanations of conformity are there

A

two

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8
Q

how came up with explanations of conformity

A

Deutsch and gerand

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9
Q

what are the explanations of conformity

A

normative social influence
informational social influence

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10
Q

what is normative social influence

A

is when someone conforms because they have the desire to be liked

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11
Q

what is informational social influence

A

is when someone conforms because they need to be right

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12
Q

who studies the variables effecting conformity

A

Asch

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13
Q

how many variables effect conformity

A

Three

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14
Q

what are the variables effecting conformity

A

group size
difficulty of task
unanimity of the majority

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15
Q

Asch study: procedure

A

123 males, volunteers
were asked to look at three lines of different lengths.
They took turn to call out of the 3 lines which one was the same as the standard line.

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16
Q

what were the findings of asch study

A

It showed that the average conformity rate was 33%.
GS: if there was 3 confederates CR increase
UM: introducing an ally decreased conformity to 5.5%

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17
Q

evaluate asch study

A

gender bias, androcentric study since it is only on males therefore shouldn’t be generalised.
used volunteers which have specific characteristics
issues determining group size as limited range of majority of sizes

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18
Q

what are social roles

A

are the behaviours that are expected of an individual who is at a social status

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19
Q

who studied social roles

A

Zimbardo

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20
Q

what’s the name of Zimbardo study

A

Stanford prison experiment

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21
Q

what is the procedure of Stanford prison experiment

A

mock prison in Stanford uni psych department
24males, students, volunteers
allocated either prisoners or guard. prisoners were arrested from home given uniform and id numbers, had specific rights and strict routine
guards wore sunglasses and had whistles
the study was meant to last 2 weeks

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22
Q

how long was Stanford prision expierement meant to last

A

2 weeks

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23
Q

what were the finding of Stanford prison experiment

A

G harassed P because of power and treated them harshly
P rebelled within 2 days
1 P left on day 1 showing psychological harm
study ended after 6 days

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24
Q

Evaluate Stanford prison experiment

A

L -gender bias, androcentric males only cant generalise findings to both females and males
L- ethical issues, pps had phycological harm
S- internal validity only selected mentally stable pps

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25
Q

who studied situational variables effecting obedience

A

Milgram

26
Q

what did milgram study

A

obedience

27
Q

what was the procedure of Milgram study

A

40 male volunteers, ages 20-50
were allocated as teachers
they had to enforce a fake shock to the learner from 15V to 450V
teacher asked learner to remember word pairs and if they got wrong they administer shock

28
Q

what were the findings of Milgram’s study

A

all pps obeyed up to 300V
12.5% stopped at 300V
65% of pps went to max V

29
Q

evaluate Milgram’s study

A

S- there is supporting evidence as Burger replicated the study
L- ethical issues
L- androcentric gender bias not able to be generalised

30
Q

how many situational factors did Milgram study

A

Three

31
Q

what are the situational factors that effect obedience in Milgrams study

A
  1. proximity
  2. location
  3. uniform
32
Q

what did the effect of proximity have on obedience in milgrams study

A

when teacher and learner in same room OL decreased to 45%

33
Q

what did the effect of location have on obedience in milgrams study

A

moved to a run down office it decreased to 48%

34
Q

what did the effect of uniform have on obedience in Milgram’s study

A

if teachers wore their own clothes OL decreased significant to 20%

35
Q

how many reasons are there for people to obey

A

three

36
Q

what are the reasons why people obey

A

agentic state
legitimacy of authority
authoritarian personality

37
Q

what is agentic state

A

is when an individual believes they do not have responsibility for their own actions

38
Q

evaluate agentic state

A

not a complete explanation

39
Q

what is legitimacy of authority

A

is someone who perceives themselves to be in a position of social control within a situation

40
Q

evaluate legitimacy of authority

A

there is cultural differences because each countries perceive different people as obedient

41
Q

what is authoritarian personality

A

refers to a person who has extreme respect for authority, more likely to obey to people who hold power over them

42
Q

what is social support

A

refers to the presence of people who resist pressures to conform or obey can help others do the same

42
Q

what the effect of social support on Asch study

A

having an ally who gave the right answer made CR go from 33 to 5.5%. This is because it makes the individual to have more confidence therefore more likely to not conform

43
Q

what was the effect of social support on milgrams study

A

when pps joined by a disobedient pps levels dropped from 65% to 10%

44
Q

what does LOC stand for

A

locus of control

45
Q

what locus of control

A

refers to a differ in peoples belief whether outcomes to their actions are dependent on what they do or the events outside their personal control

46
Q

who proposed the LOC

A

Rotter

47
Q

how many types of LOC are there

A

two

48
Q

what are the types of LOC

A

internal
external

49
Q

what is internal LOC

A

is people who believe they are responsible to what happens to them

50
Q

what is external LOC

A

is when people who believe things happen without their control

51
Q

what is minority influence

A

is a form of social influence where members of a majority group change their beliefs or behaviour as a result of exposure to persuasive minority

52
Q

what are the characteristics of minorities

A

commitment
consistency
flexibility

53
Q

who studied minority influence

A

Moscovici et al

54
Q

what’s the procedure of Moscovici et al study

A

pps shown 36slides with different shades of blue and asked to state a colour
1st - 2 confederates said green which was consistent
2nd answered green 24 times and 12 blue inconsistent
they used a control group for comparison

55
Q

what were the findings of Moscovici et al study

A

only 0.25% of control group were green and rest were blue
in experimental group 1.25% answered green with confederates inconsistent answers

56
Q

what was the conclusions of the Moscovici et al

A

minorities can influence majorities, more effective when minorities are consistent

57
Q

what is social change

A

occurs when a section of society adopts a new belief or way of behaving which becomes accepted as the norm

58
Q

what are the steps of social change through minority influence

A
  1. drawing attention to the issue
  2. cognitive conflict
  3. consistency of position
  4. the augmentation principle
  5. snow bell effect
59
Q

evaluate social change

A

social change through minority influence maybe very gradual

Psychology (7 decks)

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