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psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

how many defintions of abnormality are there

A

four

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2
Q

what are the defintions of abnormality

A

statisical infrequency
deviation from social norms
failure to function adequately
deviation from ideal mental health

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3
Q

what is statistical infrequency

A

is when the behaviour is extremely rare as it is not the norm/average

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4
Q

evaluate statiscal infrequency

A

some abnormal behaviours are desirable e.g high iq

culutural relativism

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5
Q

what is cultural relativism

A

is the view that behaviour cannot be judged properly unless it is viewed in the context of culture which it orgniates in

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6
Q

what is deviation from social norms

A

is if an individual behaviourer does not follow social norms which are stated in society they are considered abnormal

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7
Q

evaluate deviation from social norms

A

L differences in generation of what is deemed as socially acceptable
S it distringuishes between desirable and undesierable behaviour

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8
Q

what is failure to function adequatly

A

is when an individual is unable to cope with everyday living like washing clothes etc which potentially causes distress

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9
Q

what is deviation from ideal mental health

A

good mental health means having all 6 categories and if abesense of one of these means deviation from ideal mental health and therefore abnormal

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10
Q

what are the categories of deviation from ideal mental health

A

self attitudes
personal growth
integration
automony
accurate perception of reality

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11
Q

evaluate deviation from ideal mental health

A

unrealistic crietia- we are all abnormal as hard to do all the time
as well as its hard to measure
culutural bias

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12
Q

what are the three mental disorders

A

ocd
phobias
depression

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13
Q

how many types of characteristics of mental disorders are there

A

three

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14
Q

what are the types of characteristics of mental disorders

A

cognitive
emotional
behavioural

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15
Q

what are phobias

A

phobias is an anxiety disorder when an individual has an irrational fear which produces conscious avoidance of feared object or situation

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16
Q

what are the characteristics of phobias

A

C - resistance to rational arguments
E- anxiety, panic, scared
B- avoidance, freeze or faint

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17
Q

what is depression

A

is a mood disorder where an individual feels sad or lacks interest in usual activites

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18
Q

what are the characteristics of depression

A

E- sad, anger
C- negative thought
B- shift in activity levels, reduced energy

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19
Q

what does ocd stand for

A

obessive complusion disorder

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20
Q

what is ocd

A

is an anxiety disorder where anxiety aries from both obessions and compulsions

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21
Q

what are obessions

A

are persistant thoughts

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22
Q

what are compulsions

A

is behaviour repeated over and over again

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23
Q

what are the characteristics of ocd

A

E- anxiety shame
C- persistant thoughts
B- compulsions performed decrease anxiety

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24
Q

what approach is used to treat and explain phobias

A

behavioural approach

25
Q

what approach is used to treat and explain OCD

A

biological approach

26
Q

what approach is used to treat and explain depression

A

cognitive approach

27
Q

How does the behavioural approach explain phobias

A

Two proccess model

28
Q

who proposed the two process model to explain phobias

A

mowrer

29
Q

what is the 2 process model

A

is a theory that explains the 2 processes that leads to the development of phobias

30
Q

whats involved in explaining phobias through thr 2 porccess model

A

classical and operant conditioning

31
Q

how is classical conditioning used to explain phobias

A

is how the phobia has been aquired through assosiation
the Natural stimuli becomes a conditioned stimuli

32
Q

how does operant conditioning explain phobias

A

is used as the phobias is more likely to continue if the behaviour is being rewarded

33
Q

AO3 of 2 process model

A
  • ignores cognitive factors for example irrational thinking
34
Q

how does the behavioural approach treat phobias

A

flooding
systematic desensitation

35
Q

what is flooding

A

is a from of behavioural therapy where a client is exposed to their phobia in a long session within relaxed conditons untill their anxiety has disappeared

36
Q

AO3 flooding

A

high effectivness if people stick with it therefore it is quicker than over therapies, cheaper

37
Q

what is systematic desensitisation

A

is a from of behavioural therapy where the client is in relaxed conditons and is gradually exposed to their phobias over a long period of time untill their anxiety has decreased

38
Q

AO3 of SD

A

high effectivness but it is not appropriate for all phobias e.g personal expierences

  • economic implication as it is more expensivve
39
Q

how does the cognitive approach explain depression

A

ellis ABC model
Becks negative triad

40
Q

what is Ellis ABC model

A

is a cognitive approach to understanding mental disorder focusing on the effects of irrational beliefs on emotions

41
Q

what does the ABC stand for in ellis model

A

activating event
rational/irrational belief
consequences leading to unhealthy or healthy emotions

42
Q

what is Becks negative triad

A

is used to describe how depressed adults tend to think about the world. The triad refers to thoughts about self, world, and future.

43
Q

AO3 of cognitive approach to explaining depression

A

alternative explanation for example biological approach such as genes etc

44
Q

how does the cognitive approach treat depression

A

CBT

45
Q

what does CBT stand for

A

cognitive behavioural therapy

46
Q

what is CBT

A

is a combination of cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy

47
Q

AO3 of CBT

A

alternative treatments such as antidepressents which are cheaper

individual differences on the effectivness of CBT

48
Q

what are genes

A

is part of chromosomes of an organisim that carries info in the form of DNA

49
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

are chemical substances that play an important part in the working of the nervous system by transmitting nerve impluses across a synapse

50
Q

what are the two bio explanations of ocd

A

genetic
neural

51
Q

what is the genetic explanations of OCD

A
  1. COMT gene
    regulates the production of dopamine
  2. SERT gene
    affects the transport of serotonin creating lower levels of this neurotransmitters
52
Q

what is dopamine

A

is a key neurotransmitters in the brain which effects motivation and drive

53
Q

what is the neural explanations of OCD

A

is abnormal levels of neurotransmitters
high dopmaine
low serotonin

54
Q

AO3 of bio approach to explain OCD

A

nature vs nuture

SE twin studies

55
Q

how does the bio approach treat OCD

A

drug theraoy

56
Q

what drug therapy treats OCD

A

SSRIs
Tricycles

57
Q

what do SSRIs do

A

increase serotonin and reduce anxiety and symptoms of OCD

58
Q

what does tricycles do

A

it blocks transporter that re absorbs serotonin and noradrenaline

59
Q

AO3 of bio approach treating OCD

A

high effectiveness of drug treatment in short term however there is lack of research and data in long term

side effects of medication

Psychology (7 decks)

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