psychopathology

Question 1

how many defintions of abnormality are there

Answer 1

four

Question 2

what are the defintions of abnormality

Answer 2

statisical infrequency
deviation from social norms
failure to function adequately
deviation from ideal mental health

Question 3

what is statistical infrequency

Answer 3

is when the behaviour is extremely rare as it is not the norm/average

Question 4

evaluate statiscal infrequency

Answer 4

some abnormal behaviours are desirable e.g high iq

culutural relativism

Question 5

what is cultural relativism

Answer 5

is the view that behaviour cannot be judged properly unless it is viewed in the context of culture which it orgniates in

Question 6

what is deviation from social norms

Answer 6

is if an individual behaviourer does not follow social norms which are stated in society they are considered abnormal

Question 7

evaluate deviation from social norms

Answer 7

L differences in generation of what is deemed as socially acceptable
S it distringuishes between desirable and undesierable behaviour

Question 8

what is failure to function adequatly

Answer 8

is when an individual is unable to cope with everyday living like washing clothes etc which potentially causes distress

Question 9

what is deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 9

good mental health means having all 6 categories and if abesense of one of these means deviation from ideal mental health and therefore abnormal

Question 10

what are the categories of deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 10

self attitudes
personal growth
integration
automony
accurate perception of reality

Question 11

evaluate deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 11

unrealistic crietia- we are all abnormal as hard to do all the time
as well as its hard to measure
culutural bias

Question 12

what are the three mental disorders

Answer 12

ocd
phobias
depression

Question 13

how many types of characteristics of mental disorders are there

Answer 13

three

Question 14

what are the types of characteristics of mental disorders

Answer 14

cognitive
emotional
behavioural

Question 15

what are phobias

Answer 15

phobias is an anxiety disorder when an individual has an irrational fear which produces conscious avoidance of feared object or situation

Question 16

what are the characteristics of phobias

Answer 16

C - resistance to rational arguments
E- anxiety, panic, scared
B- avoidance, freeze or faint

Question 17

what is depression

Answer 17

is a mood disorder where an individual feels sad or lacks interest in usual activites

Question 18

what are the characteristics of depression

Answer 18

E- sad, anger
C- negative thought
B- shift in activity levels, reduced energy

Question 19

what does ocd stand for

Answer 19

obessive complusion disorder

Question 20

what is ocd

Answer 20

is an anxiety disorder where anxiety aries from both obessions and compulsions

Question 21

what are obessions

Answer 21

are persistant thoughts

Question 22

what are compulsions

Answer 22

is behaviour repeated over and over again

Question 23

what are the characteristics of ocd

Answer 23

E- anxiety shame
C- persistant thoughts
B- compulsions performed decrease anxiety

Question 24

what approach is used to treat and explain phobias

Answer 24

behavioural approach

Question 25

what approach is used to treat and explain OCD

Answer 25

biological approach

Question 26

what approach is used to treat and explain depression

Answer 26

cognitive approach

Question 27

How does the behavioural approach explain phobias

Answer 27

Two proccess model

Question 28

who proposed the two process model to explain phobias

Answer 28

mowrer

Question 29

what is the 2 process model

Answer 29

is a theory that explains the 2 processes that leads to the development of phobias

Question 30

whats involved in explaining phobias through thr 2 porccess model

Answer 30

classical and operant conditioning

Question 31

how is classical conditioning used to explain phobias

Answer 31

is how the phobia has been aquired through assosiation the Natural stimuli becomes a conditioned stimuli

Question 32

how does operant conditioning explain phobias

Answer 32

is used as the phobias is more likely to continue if the behaviour is being rewarded

Question 33

AO3 of 2 process model

Answer 33

- ignores cognitive factors for example irrational thinking

Question 34

how does the behavioural approach treat phobias

Answer 34

flooding systematic desensitation

Question 35

what is flooding

Answer 35

is a from of behavioural therapy where a client is exposed to their phobia in a long session within relaxed conditons untill their anxiety has disappeared

Question 36

AO3 flooding

Answer 36

high effectivness if people stick with it therefore it is quicker than over therapies, cheaper

Question 37

what is systematic desensitisation

Answer 37

is a from of behavioural therapy where the client is in relaxed conditons and is gradually exposed to their phobias over a long period of time untill their anxiety has decreased

Question 38

AO3 of SD

Answer 38

high effectivness but it is not appropriate for all phobias e.g personal expierences - economic implication as it is more expensivve

Question 39

how does the cognitive approach explain depression

Answer 39

ellis ABC model Becks negative triad

Question 40

what is Ellis ABC model

Answer 40

is a cognitive approach to understanding mental disorder focusing on the effects of irrational beliefs on emotions

Question 41

what does the ABC stand for in ellis model

Answer 41

activating event rational/irrational belief consequences leading to unhealthy or healthy emotions

Question 42

what is Becks negative triad

Answer 42

is used to describe how depressed adults tend to think about the world. The triad refers to thoughts about self, world, and future.

Question 43

AO3 of cognitive approach to explaining depression

Answer 43

alternative explanation for example biological approach such as genes etc

Question 44

how does the cognitive approach treat depression

Answer 44

CBT

Question 45

what does CBT stand for

Answer 45

cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 46

what is CBT

Answer 46

is a combination of cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy

Question 47

AO3 of CBT

Answer 47

alternative treatments such as antidepressents which are cheaper individual differences on the effectivness of CBT

Question 48

what are genes

Answer 48

is part of chromosomes of an organisim that carries info in the form of DNA

Question 49

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 49

are chemical substances that play an important part in the working of the nervous system by transmitting nerve impluses across a synapse

Question 50

what are the two bio explanations of ocd

Answer 50

genetic neural

Question 51

what is the genetic explanations of OCD

Answer 51

1. COMT gene regulates the production of dopamine 2. SERT gene affects the transport of serotonin creating lower levels of this neurotransmitters

Question 52

what is dopamine

Answer 52

is a key neurotransmitters in the brain which effects motivation and drive

Question 53

what is the neural explanations of OCD

Answer 53

is abnormal levels of neurotransmitters high dopmaine low serotonin

Question 54

AO3 of bio approach to explain OCD

Answer 54

nature vs nuture SE twin studies

Question 55

how does the bio approach treat OCD

Answer 55

drug theraoy

Question 56

what drug therapy treats OCD

Answer 56

SSRIs Tricycles

Question 57

what do SSRIs do

Answer 57

increase serotonin and reduce anxiety and symptoms of OCD

Question 58

what does tricycles do

Answer 58

it blocks transporter that re absorbs serotonin and noradrenaline

Question 59

AO3 of bio approach treating OCD

Answer 59

high effectiveness of drug treatment in short term however there is lack of research and data in long term side effects of medication