Social influence Flashcards
Define conformity
Consciously / unconsciously adjusting our behaviour to align with behaviour of others in a group
Define normative social influence
Conforming to be accepted by a group
Define informational social influence
Conforming to gain knowledge / be right
Define compliance
Agree in public not private only temporarily
Define identification
Taking on groups views but private beliefs not necessarily changed
Define internalisation
Behaving or agreeing same as group more longlastingly
What is a confederate
Actor in research
What is a social role
How we conform to others based on the role you have
What is obedience
Going along with someone’s order because they have high authority.
What year did Asch do his research
1951
What was asch study
Judging conformity by looking at line lengths
What percentage of trials did aschs naïve participants conform on
36.8%
What percentage of aschs participants never conformed
25%
What were aschs 3 variations
- group size
- having a dissenter
- task difficulty
What is a dissenter
Confederate that gives the right answer
How can you evaluate aschs study
*artificial stimuli
*only American men (123)
*demand characteristics
*ethical issues
What year did zimbardo do the SPE
1973
What did zimbardos SPE look at
Conformity to social roles
What did zimbardo find
- guards more violent
- prisoners depressed and anxious
How can you evaluate zimbardos research
*had control and randomly allocated
*participents played to roles so lacks realism
*exaggerated - only 1/3 guards were brutal
*ethics
What year did milgram do his study
1963
what did milgram do in his baseline study
false electric shocks to learners in response to incorrect answers to questions from “experimenter”
what did milgram find in his baseline study
- 450V 65%
- 300V 100%
- anxiety
evaluate milgrams research
*french tv show found 80% gave max shock
(repeatable)
*low internal validity (realised fake)
*ethical issues
what are milgrams 3 situational variables
*proximity
*uniform
*location
how did milgram look at proximity
*obedience 40% when in same room
*30% when put hand on shocker
*lower when instruction through phone call
how did milgram look at location
- high obedience in university
*47.5% in run down office building
how did milgram look at uniform
*20% when experimenter was member of public
*higher when in lab coat
what is agentic state
denying personal responsibility for our actions
what is autonomous state
taking responsibility for yourself and your actions
what is agentic shift
moving from the autonomous state to the agentic state
what is moral strain
having to do something we see as immoral to function as an authority figure
what are binding factors
Parts of a situation that allow someone to make the effects of their behaviour seem less bad
what is legitimacy of authority
explanation of obedience, more likely to obey people we think have authority over us
what 3 factors did kelman and hamilton say explain obedience
*legitimacy of the system
*legitimacy of authority in the system
*legitimacy of orders given
what is destructive authority
powerful leaders using legitimate authority for destructive purposes (e.g. hitler)
what is the dispositional explanation
any explanation of behaviour that highlights importance of personality
what year did adorno et al do their research
1950
what was adornos research
Faciest scale
what is an authoritarian personality
personality type more susceptible to obeying those in authority
characteristics of authoritarian personality
*conventional attitudes (sex, race<gender etc)
*need strong leaders in society
*only right and wrong
*inflexible in way think
where does an authoritarian personality come from
*childhood
*harsh parenting
*conditions on love
* high standards + criticism
*displaced anger
evaluate anordos research
*research support
*limited explanations
*political bias - only on white american men who more likley to have these ideas
what is locus of control
persons perception of personal control over their own behaviour
what is resistance to social influence
ability to withstand social pressures to conform from the majority or obey authority
what is social support
presence of people who resist pressures to conform or obey can help others do same
what is internal locus of control
believe life is determined by own decisions and effort
what is external locus of control
believe life is determined by fate, luck or external factors
what is minority influence
minority rejects norms of majority and persuade them to move to the position of the minority
stages of minority influence
- consistency (synchronic and diachronic)
- commitment
- flexibility / compramise
what is synchronic consistency
minority all say the same thing
what is diachronic consistency
minority all said the same thing for a long time
what year did nemeth do his research
1986
what did nemeth do
mock jury with 3 naïve and 1 confederate deciding on compensation for ski lift accident victim
what did nemeth find
when confederate gave unreasonably low amount and wouldn’t change majority stuck with higher amount but when confederate changed a bit so did majority
what year did moscovici do his research
1969
what was moscovicis research
“blue slide green slide” study
moscovicis prodecure
shown 36 slides with different blue shades and groups had to call them out (4 pps 2 confed)
*in part 1 2 confeds said green consistently
* part 2 answered green 24 times and blue 12
what did moscovici find
- 1.25% answered green when inconsistent
- 8.42% said green when consistent
What is social change
Changes in society as we adopt new norms
What are the 4 conditions necessary for social change
- attention to issue
- create conflict
- consistency
- argumentation principle
What is gradual commitment
Agreeing to do one small instruction so harder to say no to bigger instructions
