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Psychology > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nervous system

A

internal communication system of specialise cells

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2
Q

what is the nervous systems 2 main functions

A
  • responds to info in environment
  • co-ordinate organs and cells
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3
Q

what are the 2 subsystems of the nervous system

A
  • central nervous system (CNS)
  • peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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4
Q

what are the componants of the CNS

A

brain and spinal chord

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5
Q

what does the PNS do

A

transmits messages via millions of neurons to and from the CNS

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6
Q

what are the 2 subdivisions of the PNS

A
  • autonomic nervous system (ANS)
  • somatic nervous system (SNS)
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7
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) do

A

governs bodys vital functions (breathing, heart rate, digestion)

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8
Q

what does the somatic nervous system (SNS) do

A

controls
muscle movement and receives info from sensory receptors

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9
Q

what does the endocrine system do

A

regulate the release of hormones

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10
Q

what is the pituitary gland

A

“master gland” in the brain as controls all other glands release

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11
Q

how does fight of flight occur in the endocrine system and ANS

A

*hypothalamus activates pituitary gland
* triggers activity in sympathetic branch of ANS
* ANS changes from resting state to physiologically aroused sympathetic state

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12
Q

what are the 3 types of neuron

A

sensory, relay and motor

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13
Q

what does the cell body in a neuron do

A

contains genetic material

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14
Q

what are dentrites

A

carry nerve impulses from neurons to cell body

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15
Q

what is an axon

A

carries impulse away from cell body down lengths of neuron

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16
Q

what is the myelin sheath

A

covers axon, speeding up eletrical transmission of impulse

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17
Q

what are nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in myelin sheath speeding up transmission of impulse as has to jump across gap

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18
Q

what is are terminal buttons

A

at end of axon, communicate with next axonacross synapse

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19
Q

what is the order of the structure of a neuron

A

1) cell body
2) dentrites
3) axon
4) myelin sheath
5) nodes of ranvier
6) terminal buttons

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20
Q

synaptic transmission

A

look at notes!!!!!!!!

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21
Q

what is a neurotransmitter

A

chemical allowing neurons across the body to communicate

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22
Q

what is the sensory neuron

A

carry nerve impulses from sensory organs to spinal chord and brain

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23
Q

what do relay neurons do

A

control muscle movment

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24
Q

what is a motor neuron

A

between sensory input and motor output

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25
Q

what order do you find neurons

A

sensory, relay, motor

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26
Q

how long is a synapse

A

20 nanometers

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27
Q

what does the sympathetic nervous system do

A

prepares for fight or flight by
* increase heart
* dialate pupils
* inhibits saliva production

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28
Q

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do

A

calm you down by
* lower heart rate
* stimulate digestion
* constrict pupils

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29
Q

what 2 hormones does the adrenal gland produce

A

adrenaline and cortisol

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30
Q

what hormone does the thyroid produce

A

thyroxine

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31
Q

what hormone does the pituitary gland produce

A

adrenocortial trophic

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32
Q

what does adrenocortial trophic hormone do

A

stimulates adrenal cortex and releases cortisol during stress response

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33
Q

what does thyroxine hormone do

A

regulates metabolism

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34
Q

what does cortisol hormone do

A

stimulates release of glucose to give body energy

35
Q

what does adrenaline hormone do

A

encourages fight or flight

36
Q

what does the amygdala do in fight or flight

A

send distress signal to hypothalmus

37
Q

what sends the hypothalmus a distress signal during fight or flight

A

amygdala

38
Q

what are the 4 lobes in the brain

A

frontal, parietal, occipatial and temperal

39
Q

what does the frontal lobe do

A

how you think, move, remember and talk to others

40
Q

what is the somotary cortex

A

processes sensory info

41
Q

what is the parietal lobe

A

sensory perception, hearing, sight touch and smell managment

42
Q

what is the occipatial lobe

A

visuospatial processing, distance and colour perception and face recognition

43
Q

what is the visual cortex

A

recieves and processes visual info

44
Q

what is wernicks area

A

responsible for language comprahension

45
Q

what is the auditory cortex

A

analysis of speech based info

46
Q

what is the temperal lobe

A

manages emotions, processes senses info, storing and retrieving memories, understanding language

47
Q

what us the motor cortex

A

regulates movement

48
Q

what is brocas area

A

speech production

49
Q

what does the hypothalmus do

A

controls release of major hormones

50
Q

what is the transmission process

A
  1. stimulus
  2. receptors
  3. CNS
  4. effectors
  5. response
51
Q

what is an inhibitory transmitter

A

calms down the brain

52
Q

what is an excitaory neurotransmitter

A

stimulates activity in areas of brain

53
Q

what did franz galls do

A

looking at structure of the scull to determine persons character

54
Q

what is brain plasticity

A

how the brain adapts and changes over time

55
Q

what is synaptic pruning

A

connections in brain lost due to lack of use

56
Q

what is bridging

A

new connections created in brain due to use and new stimulus

57
Q

what did maguire do

A

brains of london taxi drivers had more grey matter in prosterior hippocampus which is associated with navigation and spatial skills than non taxi drivers

58
Q

evaluate maguire

A
  • could have had before and thats why became taxi driver
59
Q

what did draganski do

A

brains of med students 3 months before and after exams

60
Q

what did draganski find

A

learning enduced changes in prosterior hippocampus

61
Q

what did mechelli find

A

larger paretial cortex in brains of bilingual rather than monoligual

62
Q

what are the 3 processes the brain goes through during recovery

A
  • recruitment of homogus areas
    *axonal sprouting
  • reformation of blood vessels
63
Q

what happens during the recruitment of homogygus areas

A

similar areas of brain on opposite side used to perform spesific task

64
Q

what happens during axonal sprouting

A

growth of new nerve ending which connects with other undamaged nerve cells

65
Q

what happens during reformation of blood vessels

A

creates supporting networks to reinforce new neural connections

66
Q

what is laterisation

A

idea that 2 halves of brain are functionally different and control different processes

67
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

bundle of nerve fibres that join 2 halves of brain so can communicate

68
Q

what is commissurotomy

A

surgery that divides 2 hemispheres to help those with epiilepsy

69
Q

what does the left hemisphere

A

language
right side of body
recieves from right visual field

70
Q

what does the right hemisphere do

A

motor and visual
left side of body
recieves from left visual field

71
Q

what was sperrys study

A

11 epileptic ptps who had corpus callosums split so hemispheres dont communicate carry out tasks

72
Q

what was sperrys procedure

A
  • ptps gaze at fixation point on screen
  • show slide on one visual field point for 1/10 second each
  • tactical tasks with hands covered so could only feel
73
Q

what did sperry find

A

when shown in RVF could describe as gone to language side
when shown to LVF could draw as gone to motor

74
Q

evaluate sperry

A

quasi experiment
* controlled conditions all every 1/10th second
* nor like IRL where can move position to see in both VF
* small sample

75
Q

what does EEG scanner do

A

measures electrical activity through electrodes attached to scalp which detect change showing different levels of activity

76
Q

what do ERP scanners do

A

uses stimulus and brain scanning equipment to read brain activity and repeate so get average response

77
Q

what do FMRI scanners do

A

measures blood flow in brain during task to see what neurones are most active

78
Q

what is a post mortem

A

study dead brain of person with disorder to gain deeper understanding

79
Q

what is circadian rhythm

A

biological rhythms occuring over a 24h cycle

80
Q

what is a biological rhythm

A

patterns of change in body activity over cyclical periods

81
Q

what is ultradian rhythm

A

biological rhythms occuring more than one cycle in 24h

82
Q

what is infradian rhythm

A

biological rhythms occuring less than one cycle in 24h

83
Q

what is a endogenous pacemakers

A

internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms

84
Q

what is exo

A

Psychology (10 decks)

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