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Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nervous system

A

internal communication system of specialise cells

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2
Q

what is the nervous systems 2 main functions

A
  • responds to info in environment
  • co-ordinate organs and cells
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3
Q

what are the 2 subsystems of the nervous system

A
  • central nervous system (CNS)
  • peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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4
Q

what are the componants of the CNS

A

brain and spinal chord

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5
Q

what does the PNS do

A

transmits messages via millions of neurons to and from the CNS

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6
Q

what are the 2 subdivisions of the PNS

A
  • autonomic nervous system (ANS)
  • somatic nervous system (SNS)
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7
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) do

A

governs bodys vital functions (breathing, heart rate, digestion)

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8
Q

what does the somatic nervous system (SNS) do

A

controls
muscle movement and receives info from sensory receptors

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9
Q

what does the endocrine system do

A

regulate the release of hormones

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10
Q

what is the pituitary gland

A

“master gland” in the brain as controls all other glands release

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11
Q

how does fight of flight occur in the endocrine system and ANS

A

*hypothalamus activates pituitary gland
* triggers activity in sympathetic branch of ANS
* ANS changes from resting state to physiologically aroused sympathetic state

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12
Q

what are the 3 types of neuron

A

sensory, relay and motor

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13
Q

what does the cell body in a neuron do

A

contains genetic material

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14
Q

what are dentrites

A

carry nerve impulses from neurons to cell body

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15
Q

what is an axon

A

carries impulse away from cell body down lengths of neuron

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16
Q

what is the myelin sheath

A

covers axon, speeding up eletrical transmission of impulse

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17
Q

what are nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in myelin sheath speeding up transmission of impulse as has to jump across gap

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18
Q

what is are terminal buttons

A

at end of axon, communicate with next axonacross synapse

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19
Q

what is the order of the structure of a neuron

A

1) cell body
2) dentrites
3) axon
4) myelin sheath
5) nodes of ranvier
6) terminal buttons

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20
Q

synaptic transmission

A

look at notes!!!!!!!!

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21
Q

what is a neurotransmitter

A

chemical allowing neurons across the body to communicate

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22
Q

what is the sensory neuron

A

carry nerve impulses from sensory organs to spinal chord and brain

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23
Q

what do relay neurons do

A

control muscle movment

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24
Q

what is a motor neuron

A

between sensory input and motor output

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25
what order do you find neurons
sensory, relay, motor
26
how long is a synapse
20 nanometers
27
what does the sympathetic nervous system do
prepares for fight or flight by * increase heart * dialate pupils * inhibits saliva production
28
what does the parasympathetic nervous system do
calm you down by * lower heart rate * stimulate digestion * constrict pupils
29
what 2 hormones does the adrenal gland produce
adrenaline and cortisol
30
what hormone does the thyroid produce
thyroxine
31
what hormone does the pituitary gland produce
adrenocortial trophic
32
what does adrenocortial trophic hormone do
stimulates adrenal cortex and releases cortisol during stress response
33
what does thyroxine hormone do
regulates metabolism
34
what does cortisol hormone do
stimulates release of glucose to give body energy
35
what does adrenaline hormone do
encourages fight or flight
36
what does the amygdala do in fight or flight
send distress signal to hypothalmus
37
what sends the hypothalmus a distress signal during fight or flight
amygdala
38
what are the 4 lobes in the brain
frontal, parietal, occipatial and temperal
39
what does the frontal lobe do
how you think, move, remember and talk to others
40
what is the somotary cortex
processes sensory info
41
what is the parietal lobe
sensory perception, hearing, sight touch and smell managment
42
what is the occipatial lobe
visuospatial processing, distance and colour perception and face recognition
43
what is the visual cortex
recieves and processes visual info
44
what is wernicks area
responsible for language comprahension
45
what is the auditory cortex
analysis of speech based info
46
what is the temperal lobe
manages emotions, processes senses info, storing and retrieving memories, understanding language
47
what us the motor cortex
regulates movement
48
what is brocas area
speech production
49
what does the hypothalmus do
controls release of major hormones
50
what is the transmission process
1. stimulus 2. receptors 3. CNS 4. effectors 5. response
51
what is an inhibitory transmitter
calms down the brain
52
what is an excitaory neurotransmitter
stimulates activity in areas of brain
53
what did franz galls do
looking at structure of the scull to determine persons character
54
what is brain plasticity
how the brain adapts and changes over time
55
what is synaptic pruning
connections in brain lost due to lack of use
56
what is bridging
new connections created in brain due to use and new stimulus
57
what did maguire do
brains of london taxi drivers had more grey matter in prosterior hippocampus which is associated with navigation and spatial skills than non taxi drivers
58
evaluate maguire
* could have had before and thats why became taxi driver
59
what did draganski do
brains of med students 3 months before and after exams
60
what did draganski find
learning enduced changes in prosterior hippocampus
61
what did mechelli find
larger paretial cortex in brains of bilingual rather than monoligual
62
what are the 3 processes the brain goes through during recovery
* recruitment of homogus areas *axonal sprouting * reformation of blood vessels
63
what happens during the recruitment of homogygus areas
similar areas of brain on opposite side used to perform spesific task
64
what happens during axonal sprouting
growth of new nerve ending which connects with other undamaged nerve cells
65
what happens during reformation of blood vessels
creates supporting networks to reinforce new neural connections
66
what is laterisation
idea that 2 halves of brain are functionally different and control different processes
67
what is the corpus callosum
bundle of nerve fibres that join 2 halves of brain so can communicate
68
what is commissurotomy
surgery that divides 2 hemispheres to help those with epiilepsy
69
what does the left hemisphere
language right side of body recieves from right visual field
70
what does the right hemisphere do
motor and visual left side of body recieves from left visual field
71
what was sperrys study
11 epileptic ptps who had corpus callosums split so hemispheres dont communicate carry out tasks
72
what was sperrys procedure
* ptps gaze at fixation point on screen * show slide on one visual field point for 1/10 second each * tactical tasks with hands covered so could only feel
73
what did sperry find
when shown in RVF could describe as gone to language side when shown to LVF could draw as gone to motor
74
evaluate sperry
quasi experiment * controlled conditions all every 1/10th second * nor like IRL where can move position to see in both VF * small sample
75
what does EEG scanner do
measures electrical activity through electrodes attached to scalp which detect change showing different levels of activity
76
what do ERP scanners do
uses stimulus and brain scanning equipment to read brain activity and repeate so get average response
77
what do FMRI scanners do
measures blood flow in brain during task to see what neurones are most active
78
what is a post mortem
study dead brain of person with disorder to gain deeper understanding
79
what is circadian rhythm
biological rhythms occuring over a 24h cycle
80
what is a biological rhythm
patterns of change in body activity over cyclical periods
81
what is ultradian rhythm
biological rhythms occuring more than one cycle in 24h
82
what is infradian rhythm
biological rhythms occuring less than one cycle in 24h
83
what is a endogenous pacemakers
internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
84
what is exo

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