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Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the biological approach assume

A

Behaviour caused by hormones, genetics, evolution and CNS

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2
Q

What is the biological approach on determinism

A

Biological determinism- behaviour is determined by biological factors

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3
Q

What is the biological approach’s view on nature vs nurture

A

Nature
Innate biological factors

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4
Q

What does the biological approach test on

A

Human and animals

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5
Q

Is the biological approach scientific

A

Yes as promotes scientific methods such as brain scanning

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6
Q

What methods do the biological approach use

A

Experiments and twin studies

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7
Q

What does the biological approach ignore

A
  • environment issues
  • cognitive structures
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8
Q

Is the biological approach conscious or unconscious

A

Unconscious

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9
Q

What is the assumptions of the behaviourist approach

A

Behaviour is learnt and the mind is irrelevant

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10
Q

What is the behaviourist view on determinism

A

Environmental determinism
Behaviour controlled by stimulus response conditioning

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11
Q

What is the behaviourist view on nature vs nurture

A

Nurture
All born blank slates everything is learnt

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12
Q

What does the behaviourist approach test on

A

Humans and animals

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13
Q

is the behaviourist approach scientific

A

yes as uses lab studies and animal research

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14
Q

what methods do behaviourists use

A

experiments
only observable behaviour is measured

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15
Q

what does the behaviourist approach ignore

A
  • genetics
  • personality
  • cognition
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16
Q

what is the behavioural approach known for

A

classical and operant conditoning

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17
Q

what is social learning theory

A

behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation

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18
Q

what is social learning theorys view on nature vs nurture

A

nurture
* learn through classical and operant conditioning

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19
Q

what do social learning theory test on

A

humans (bobo doll)

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20
Q

what methods do social learning theory use

A

experiments on measurable behaviour

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21
Q

what does social learning theory ignore

A
  • cognition
  • genetics
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22
Q

what is social learning theory known for

A
  • vicarious reinforcement
  • mediational processes
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23
Q

what are the cognitive theory’s assumptions

A
  • brain is like a computer
  • focuses on mental processes
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24
Q

whats the cognitive theory’s view on free will vs determinism

A

soft determinism
* behaviour controlled by mediational processes but we choose what information we tend to

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25
Q

does cognitive theory believe in nature or nurture

A

both
* behaviour is a result of info processing and modified by experience

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26
Q

what does cognitive theory test on

A

humans only

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27
Q

is the cognitive theory scientific

A

mostly
* uses scientific methods but cannot directly observe cognitive processes

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28
Q

what methods do cognitive theory use

A

lab, field and natural experiments

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29
Q

what does cognitive theory ignore

A
  • genetics
  • personality
  • motivation
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30
Q

what is cognitive theory known for

A
  • schemas
  • cognitive neuroscience
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31
Q

what is the psychodynamic approaches assumptions

A
  • behaviour influenced by childhood
  • innate drives and motivation
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32
Q

what is the psychodynamic approaches view on free will vs determinism

A

determinism
* behaviour determined by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences

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33
Q

what is the psychodynamic approaches view on nature vs nurture

A

mostly nature
* behaviour product of innate drive but shaped in early childhood experiences

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34
Q

what does psychodynamic approach test on

A

humans only ( little hans , anna o)

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35
Q

is the psychodynamic approach scientific

A

no
* examines theories and concepts that cant be imperially tested so relies on subjective interpretations

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36
Q

what methods does the psychodynamic approach use

A

case studies and therapy
* dream analysis
* freudian slip

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37
Q

what does the psychodynamic approach ignore

A
  • positive emotions
  • normal individuals
  • biological factors
38
Q

what is the psychodynamic approach known for

A
  • psychosexual stages
  • personality
  • defence mechanisms
39
Q

what is the humanistic approaches assumptions

A

individuals should be driven to full potential

40
Q

what is the humanistic approaches view on free will vs determinism

A

free will
* control own environment and are capable of change

41
Q

what is the humanistic approaches view on nature vs nurture

A

mostly nurture
* behaviour shaped by environment as humans strive for self actualisation

42
Q

what does the humanistic approach test on

A

humans only

43
Q

is the humanistic approach scientific

A

no
* rejects scientific methods so unable to provide empirical evidence

44
Q

what methods does the humanistic approach use

A
  • qualitative data
  • reports
  • therapy
45
Q

what does the humanistic approach ignore

A
  • biological factors
  • childhood
  • development
  • cognition
46
Q

what is the humanistic approach known for

A
  • maslows hierarchy of needs
  • rogers self actualisation
47
Q

when was wundt

A

1879

48
Q

what did wundt do

A

first experimental lab in germany - emergment of psychology

49
Q

when was freud

A

1900s

50
Q

what approach is freud

A

psychodynamic

51
Q

what year was watson

A

1913

52
Q

what approach is watson

A

behaviourist

53
Q

what year was rogers and maslow

A

1950s

54
Q

what approach are rogers and maslow

A

humanistic

55
Q

what year was bandura

A

1960s

56
Q

what approach is bandura

A

social learining theory

57
Q

when did the cognative approach become an idea

A

1950s

58
Q

when did the biological approach become and idea

A

1880s

59
Q

what order did the approaches come in x7

A
  • psychodynamic
  • behaviourist
  • humanistic
  • cognitive
  • social learning theory
  • biological
  • cognitive neuroscience
60
Q

what did wundt do

A

study the structure of the mind by breaking down behaviours such as sensation and perception into basic elements

61
Q

what methods did wundt use

A

highly trained observers with carefully controlled sensory events, repeated
introspection

62
Q

what is introspection

A

ptps asked to reflect on own cognitive processes and describe them

63
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

learning through association

64
Q

what did pavlovs dogs look at

A

classical conditioning

65
Q

what is the neutral stimulus un pavlovs study

A

bell

66
Q

what is the unconditional stimulus in pavlovs study

A

food

67
Q

what is the unconditional response in pavovs study

A

salivation

68
Q

what did pavlov do

A

teach dogs to associate a bell noise with being fed

69
Q

what is the conditioned stimulus in pavlovs study

A

bell

70
Q

what is the conditioned stimulus in pavlovs study

A

salivation

71
Q

who done the little albert study

A

watson and rayner

72
Q

what happend in the little albert study

A

10 month old with no fears other than loud noise conditioned to associate loud noise with beloved pet rat and eventually generalised to fear similar looking objects

73
Q

evaluate the little albert study

A
  • psychological harm
  • cannot be genrralised
  • high control
74
Q

what is operant condtioning

A

learning through reinforcment and punishment

75
Q

what is reinforcment

A

something that strengthens a response and increases the likelihood it will happen again

76
Q

what is positive reinforcment

A

plesent consequence happens

77
Q

what is negative reinforcment

A

behaviour removes something unplesant

78
Q

what is punishment

A

unplesent consequences following a behaviour

79
Q

what did skinner do

A

operantly condition rats in box
* food and leaver eventually turns to eletric shock

80
Q

evaluate skinners rats

A
  • real life application
  • controlled as done in lab
  • repeatable
  • animal cruelty
  • different to humans
81
Q

what does SLT mean by identification

A

we imitate peoples behaviour we feel we identify with (role models)

82
Q

what does SLT mean by imitation

A

child learns through imitation of attitudes and behaviour modled by parents and significant people

83
Q

what does SLT mean by vicarious reinforcment

A

learning comes through observing the consequences of a models actions in terms of reward or punishment

84
Q

what are the processes of SLT

A

A-ttention
R-etention
M-otor reproduction
M-otivation

85
Q

what did bandura do

A

bobo doll study

86
Q

what was banduras 1st part of research

A

children watched
1) adult behaving agressive to bobo doll
2) adult behaving non agressivley to bobo doll

87
Q

what did bandura find in the first part of his research

A

children mirrored the type of behaviour seen by adults towards doll

88
Q

what did bandura do for the 2nd part of his research

A

children saw adult agressive with doll either
1) rewarded
2) punished
3) no consequence

89
Q

what did bandura find in the second part of his research

A

children who saw agressive behaviour rewarded were more agressive to own doll

90
Q

what does banduras research suggest

A

vicarous reinforment does take place

91
Q

what is a schema

A

package of belifes and expectations on a topic that come from previous experiences

92
Q

what is the role of theoretical models

A

simplified representation based on current research evidence

psychology (6 decks)

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