Approaches Flashcards
What does the biological approach assume
Behaviour caused by hormones, genetics, evolution and CNS
What is the biological approach on determinism
Biological determinism- behaviour is determined by biological factors
What is the biological approach’s view on nature vs nurture
Nature
Innate biological factors
What does the biological approach test on
Human and animals
Is the biological approach scientific
Yes as promotes scientific methods such as brain scanning
What methods do the biological approach use
Experiments and twin studies
What does the biological approach ignore
- environment issues
- cognitive structures
Is the biological approach conscious or unconscious
Unconscious
What is the assumptions of the behaviourist approach
Behaviour is learnt and the mind is irrelevant
What is the behaviourist view on determinism
Environmental determinism
Behaviour controlled by stimulus response conditioning
What is the behaviourist view on nature vs nurture
Nurture
All born blank slates everything is learnt
What does the behaviourist approach test on
Humans and animals
is the behaviourist approach scientific
yes as uses lab studies and animal research
what methods do behaviourists use
experiments
only observable behaviour is measured
what does the behaviourist approach ignore
- genetics
- personality
- cognition
what is the behavioural approach known for
classical and operant conditoning
what is social learning theory
behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation
what is social learning theorys view on nature vs nurture
nurture
* learn through classical and operant conditioning
what do social learning theory test on
humans (bobo doll)
what methods do social learning theory use
experiments on measurable behaviour
what does social learning theory ignore
- cognition
- genetics
what is social learning theory known for
- vicarious reinforcement
- mediational processes
what are the cognitive theory’s assumptions
- brain is like a computer
- focuses on mental processes
whats the cognitive theory’s view on free will vs determinism
soft determinism
* behaviour controlled by mediational processes but we choose what information we tend to
does cognitive theory believe in nature or nurture
both
* behaviour is a result of info processing and modified by experience
what does cognitive theory test on
humans only
is the cognitive theory scientific
mostly
* uses scientific methods but cannot directly observe cognitive processes
what methods do cognitive theory use
lab, field and natural experiments
what does cognitive theory ignore
- genetics
- personality
- motivation
what is cognitive theory known for
- schemas
- cognitive neuroscience
what is the psychodynamic approaches assumptions
- behaviour influenced by childhood
- innate drives and motivation
what is the psychodynamic approaches view on free will vs determinism
determinism
* behaviour determined by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences
what is the psychodynamic approaches view on nature vs nurture
mostly nature
* behaviour product of innate drive but shaped in early childhood experiences
what does psychodynamic approach test on
humans only ( little hans , anna o)
is the psychodynamic approach scientific
no
* examines theories and concepts that cant be imperially tested so relies on subjective interpretations
what methods does the psychodynamic approach use
case studies and therapy
* dream analysis
* freudian slip
what does the psychodynamic approach ignore
- positive emotions
- normal individuals
- biological factors
what is the psychodynamic approach known for
- psychosexual stages
- personality
- defence mechanisms
what is the humanistic approaches assumptions
individuals should be driven to full potential
what is the humanistic approaches view on free will vs determinism
free will
* control own environment and are capable of change
what is the humanistic approaches view on nature vs nurture
mostly nurture
* behaviour shaped by environment as humans strive for self actualisation
what does the humanistic approach test on
humans only
is the humanistic approach scientific
no
* rejects scientific methods so unable to provide empirical evidence
what methods does the humanistic approach use
- qualitative data
- reports
- therapy
what does the humanistic approach ignore
- biological factors
- childhood
- development
- cognition
what is the humanistic approach known for
- maslows hierarchy of needs
- rogers self actualisation
when was wundt
1879
what did wundt do
first experimental lab in germany - emergment of psychology
when was freud
1900s
what approach is freud
psychodynamic
what year was watson
1913
what approach is watson
behaviourist
what year was rogers and maslow
1950s
what approach are rogers and maslow
humanistic
what year was bandura
1960s
what approach is bandura
social learining theory
when did the cognative approach become an idea
1950s
when did the biological approach become and idea
1880s
what order did the approaches come in x7
- psychodynamic
- behaviourist
- humanistic
- cognitive
- social learning theory
- biological
- cognitive neuroscience
what did wundt do
study the structure of the mind by breaking down behaviours such as sensation and perception into basic elements
what methods did wundt use
highly trained observers with carefully controlled sensory events, repeated
introspection
what is introspection
ptps asked to reflect on own cognitive processes and describe them
what is classical conditioning
learning through association
what did pavlovs dogs look at
classical conditioning
what is the neutral stimulus un pavlovs study
bell
what is the unconditional stimulus in pavlovs study
food
what is the unconditional response in pavovs study
salivation
what did pavlov do
teach dogs to associate a bell noise with being fed
what is the conditioned stimulus in pavlovs study
bell
what is the conditioned stimulus in pavlovs study
salivation
who done the little albert study
watson and rayner
what happend in the little albert study
10 month old with no fears other than loud noise conditioned to associate loud noise with beloved pet rat and eventually generalised to fear similar looking objects
evaluate the little albert study
- psychological harm
- cannot be genrralised
- high control
what is operant condtioning
learning through reinforcment and punishment
what is reinforcment
something that strengthens a response and increases the likelihood it will happen again
what is positive reinforcment
plesent consequence happens
what is negative reinforcment
behaviour removes something unplesant
what is punishment
unplesent consequences following a behaviour
what did skinner do
operantly condition rats in box
* food and leaver eventually turns to eletric shock
evaluate skinners rats
- real life application
- controlled as done in lab
- repeatable
- animal cruelty
- different to humans
what does SLT mean by identification
we imitate peoples behaviour we feel we identify with (role models)
what does SLT mean by imitation
child learns through imitation of attitudes and behaviour modled by parents and significant people
what does SLT mean by vicarious reinforcment
learning comes through observing the consequences of a models actions in terms of reward or punishment
what are the processes of SLT
A-ttention
R-etention
M-otor reproduction
M-otivation
what did bandura do
bobo doll study
what was banduras 1st part of research
children watched
1) adult behaving agressive to bobo doll
2) adult behaving non agressivley to bobo doll
what did bandura find in the first part of his research
children mirrored the type of behaviour seen by adults towards doll
what did bandura do for the 2nd part of his research
children saw adult agressive with doll either
1) rewarded
2) punished
3) no consequence
what did bandura find in the second part of his research
children who saw agressive behaviour rewarded were more agressive to own doll
what does banduras research suggest
vicarous reinforment does take place
what is a schema
package of belifes and expectations on a topic that come from previous experiences
what is the role of theoretical models
simplified representation based on current research evidence
