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Psychology > Attatchment > Flashcards

Attatchment Flashcards

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1
Q

Define attachment

A

Close, 2 way emotional bond between 2 individuals who see the other as essential for their own emotional security

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2
Q

What are the 3 attatchment behaviours

A
  • proximity
  • separation distress
  • secure base behaviour
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3
Q

What is proximity as an attachment behaviour

A

Trying to stay physically close to who they are attached to

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4
Q

What is separation distress as an attachment behaviour

A

Distressed when attachment figure leaves

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5
Q

What is secure base behaviour as an attachment behaviour

A

Explore the environment but return to attatchment figure for comfort

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6
Q

What are the 2 caregiver infant interactions

A
  • reciprocity
  • intersectional synchrony
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7
Q

What is reciprocity

A

How 2 people interact that helps facilitate attatchment

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8
Q

what year was belsky et al

A

1984

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9
Q

what was belsky et als study

A

controlled obervation studys to see mother-infant interactions when infant 1,3 and 9 moths old

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10
Q

what did belsky et al find

A

if mothers demonstrated reciprocal interactions infants were more securely attached compared to those with less who tended to have more insecure attatchment

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11
Q

what is interactional synchrony

A

mother and infant reflect actions and emotions of eachother

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12
Q

what year was meltzoff and moore

A

1977

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13
Q

what was meltzoff and moores study

A

interactional synchrony in infants from 2 weeks old
adult model showed 3 different facial expressions or gestures
infants response filmed

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14
Q

what did meltzoff and moore find

A

found link between expression from adult and infants actions suggesting infant imitations indicate ability to form attatchments

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15
Q

how has the role of the father changed in childcare

A

traditionally minor role but now more involvement

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16
Q

what do some argue the new role of the father is in the family

A

offer a playmate role for children and respond to their child’s needs

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17
Q

define multiple attachments

A

attachment to 2 or more people

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18
Q

how long does it usually take before a child is attached to their father

A

18 months

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19
Q

define fathers as a primary carer

A

they smile, imitate and comfort like mothers

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20
Q

what year was grossmans study

A

2002

21
Q

what was grossmans study

A

longitudinal study
looked at parents behaviour and relationship and quality of child’s attachment into their teens

22
Q

what did grossman find

A

quality effected by relationship with mother not father showing fathers attachment less important as relates to play rather than nurturing

23
Q

what year was schaffer and emersons study

A

1964

24
Q

what was schaffer and emersons aim

A

look at formation of early attachments in ages of development and the emotional intensity

25
Q

what was schaffer and emersons procedure

A

observed 60 glaswegian babies for 18 months
visited each month for year then at 18 months
parents observe children and keep behaviour diary
included left alone, in room with stranger etc

26
Q

what was schaffer and emersons results

A

25-32 weeks 50% had separation anxiety usually to biological mother
at 40 weeks nearly 30% had formed secondary attachments

27
Q

what are schaffers 4 stages of attachment

A

1) asocial
2) indiscriminate attachment
3) specific attachment
4) multiple attachments

28
Q

what is the first stage of attachment

A

asocial

29
Q

when does the asocial stage happen

A

0-8 weeks

30
Q

what happens in the asocial stage

A
  • little observable behaviour
  • happier with others than alone
  • smile at anyone
  • preference for familiar people
31
Q

what is the second stage if attachment

A

indiscriminate attachment

32
Q

when does indiscriminate attachment happen

A

2-7 months

33
Q

what happens at the indiscriminate attachment stage

A
  • more observable behaviour
  • accept comfort from anyone
  • smile at unfamiliar faces
34
Q

what is the third stage of attachment

A

specific attachment

35
Q

when does specific attachment happen

A

7-9 months

36
Q

what happens in spesific attachment

A
  • stranger anxiety
  • separation anxiety to one person
  • primary attachments to one person
  • familiar adults secure base
37
Q

what is the forth stage of attachment

A

multiple attachments

38
Q

when do multiple attachments begin to form

A

10+ months

39
Q

what happens in multiple attachment

A
  • secondary attachments begin to form
40
Q

what year was lorenzo

A

1953

41
Q

what did lorenzo look at

A

gooses attatchment

42
Q

what was lorenzos procedure

A
  • hatched eggs under mother goose, or in incubator where he was first to be seen
  • pretended to be mother duck
  • imprinting occurred
43
Q

how did lorenzo test imprinting

A

*put all goslings in upturned box and when removed they separated back into groups

44
Q

what year was harlow

A

1959

45
Q

what did harlow look at

A

monkeys attatchment

46
Q

what was harlows procedure

A
  • 2 wire mothers 1 with milk 1 wrapped in cloth
    spent time with one then observed how reacted when scared
47
Q

what did harlow find

A

cloth covered monkey favoured
comfort over food

48
Q

what does lorenzos study show

A

imprinting happens on the first moving object seen and that fed them

Psychology (10 decks)

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