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MR R's GCSE PSYCHOLOGY (AQA) > SOCIAL INFLUENCE > Flashcards

SOCIAL INFLUENCE Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a definition of conformity?

A

Behaviour or thinking changes as a result of real or imagined group pressure

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2
Q

The participants in Asch’s key conformity study = ?

A

123 male American students

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3
Q

How many critical trials were there in Asch’s study?

A

12/18 were critical

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4
Q

What % of times did participants conform to the wrong answer in Asch’s study?

A

Overall = 36.8%
75% conformed at least once
25% never conformed

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5
Q

Who found that Asch’s study may be a ‘child of the times’?

A

Perrin and Spencer (1980) only 1/396 conformed in their UK study

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6
Q

Name 2 social factors that could affect conformity?

A
  1. Group size - magic number 3
  2. Anonymity
  3. Task difficulty
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7
Q

When Asch made his task harder (more ambiguous) what happened to conformity?

A

It decreased

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8
Q

Name 2 dispositional factors that can affect conformity?

A
  1. Personality - locus of control
  2. Expertise
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9
Q

Who were Milgram’s participants?

A

40 American men, aged 20-50 from a range of jobs

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10
Q

What was the name of the confederate in Milgram’s study who was always the learner?

A

Mr Wallace

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11
Q

What % of participants went to 300V in Milgrams study?

A

100%

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12
Q

What % of participants went to 450V in Milgrams study?

A

65%

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13
Q

What does Milgrams study suggest about obedience?

A

That situational factors are more important than dispositional factors in explaining destructive obedience

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14
Q

Name 1 criticism of Milgrams study?

A
  1. Ethical issues
  2. Artificial = participants may have guessed it wasn’t real
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15
Q

Milgrams A…………… theory?

A

Agency

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16
Q

According to Milgram people are either in an agentic state or an a………………………. state?

A

Autonomous

17
Q

What did Milgram call it when people moved from an autonomous state to an agentic state?

A

Agentic shift

18
Q

What is a social hierarchy?

A

The shared societal knowledge that some people have greater authority than others

19
Q

Who suggested that dispositional factors were most important in explaining obedience?

A

Adorno

20
Q

Adorno suggested that AP individuals have a rigid ………………. style

A

cognitive

21
Q

Who does Adorno blame for the origin of the AP individual?

A

Overly strict parents

22
Q

What is it called when you displace your hostility onto someone else?

A

Scapegoating

23
Q

How did Adorno collect his data to come up with his AP theory?

A

A questionnaire called the F-scale

24
Q

Who studied Prosocial behaviour on the New York subway?

A

Piliavin

25
Q

How many trials did Piliavin conduct?

A

103 trials

26
Q

Who were the 2 victims in Piliavins study?

A
  1. Alcoholic
  2. Disabled = blind
27
Q

What % of the time were the following helped in Piliavins study?
1. Disabled
2. Drunk

A
  1. 95%
  2. 50%
28
Q

Which effect does the Piliavin study seem to dispute?

A

The bystander effect (as people helped on busy and quiet train carriages)

29
Q

One criticism of Piliavins study?

A
  • Urban sample
  • Field experiment = hard to get informed consent
30
Q

Name 2 social factors that influence prosocial behaviour?

A
  1. Presence of others
  2. Cost of helping
31
Q

Name 2 dispositional factors that influence prosocial behaviour?

A
  1. Similarity to victim
  2. Expertise
32
Q

What is it called when a person loses their identity and takes on the group identity of the people around them?

A

Deindividuation

33
Q

Name 2 social factors that affect crowd behaviour?

A
  1. Social loafing
  2. Culture
34
Q

Name 2 dispositional factors that can influence crowd behaviour?

A
  1. Personality - locus of control
  2. Morality
35
Q

What is the Ringlemann effect?

A

Individual performance decreases as the size of the group grows (tug of war)

36
Q

Which type of culture are NOT affected by social loafing?

A

Collectivist = eg Chinese

MR R's GCSE PSYCHOLOGY (AQA) (10 decks)

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