RESEARCH METHODS

Question 1

An aim is…….?

Answer 1

What we want to investigate

Question 2

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 2

A testable statement that sets out our prediction of what we expect to happen

Question 3

The variable that is manipulated = ?

Answer 3

Independent

Question 4

The variable that is measured = ?

Answer 4

Dependent

Question 5

Operationalisation is…..?

Answer 5

Making each variable clear, precise and specific

Question 6

A statement of no effect/relationship is called a ……….?

Answer 6

Null hypothesis

Question 7

An extraneous variable is ……?

Answer 7

A variable other than the IV that can effect the DV. They must be controlled

Question 8

An extraneous variable that is not controlled and effects the results is called….. ?

Answer 8

A confounding variable

Question 9

Quanititative = ?

Answer 9

Data expressed in numbers

Question 10

Qualitative = ?

Answer 10

Data expressed in words

Question 11

The 3 types of experiment

Answer 11

Lab; Field; Natural

Question 12

Which experiment am I?
+ High control
- Artificial methods

Answer 12

Laboratory experiment

Question 13

Which experiment is it when the IV is not changed at all by the experimenter?

Answer 13

Natural experiment

Question 14

Which type of experiment has ethical issues with informed consent?

Answer 14

Field experiment

Question 15

The 3 types of experimental design = ?

Answer 15

• Independent groups
• Repeated measures
• Matched pairs

Question 16

Which experimental design am I?
+ Not affected by participant variables
- Affected by order/practise effects

Answer 16

Repeated measures

Question 17

How can you reduce order effects?

Answer 17

Counterbalancing

Question 18

ABBA is used in …..?

Answer 18

Counterbalancing

Question 19

The 5 types of sampling method?

Answer 19

1. Random
2. Volunteer
3. Opportunity
4. Systematic
5. Stratified

Question 20

Which sampling method is most representative?

Answer 20

Stratified

Question 21

The group the researcher wants to study and selects their sample from is called ?

Answer 21

The target population

Question 22

A weakness of opportunity, random, and volunteer samples?

Answer 22

Bias = not representative

Question 23

Every nth person is which sampling method?

Answer 23

Systematic

Question 24

Names out of a hat is which sampling method?

Answer 24

Random

Question 25

DRIPPC stands for

Answer 25

Deception; Right to withdraw; Informed consent; Protection from harm; Privacy; Confidentiality

Question 26

Who monitors the ethical behaviour of psychologists in the UK?

Answer 26

British Psychological Society (BPS)

Question 27

3 types of interview?

Answer 27

Structured; semi-structured; unstructured

Question 28

What type of data will a closed question give?

Answer 28

Quantitative

Question 29

What am I? + Gather lots of info quickly from lots of people - People may lie

Answer 29

Questionnaire

Question 30

An observation in a lab setting is called a c............................. observation

Answer 30

Controlled

Question 31

Covert vs O............. observation

Answer 31

Overt

Question 32

When an observer joins in with the participant in the study it's called .....?

Answer 32

A participant observation

Question 33

Interobserver reliability is....?

Answer 33

The extent to which 2 or more observers agree

Question 34

What is a correlational study?

Answer 34

Shows the relationship between 2 co-variables

Question 35

What graph will a correlational study produce?

Answer 35

A scattergraph

Question 36

A weakness of a correlational study?

Answer 36

- Can't establish cause and effect - a third variable could be causing the results

Question 37

A strength of this method is that it's a good starting point for research as it shows the relationship between 2 variables

Answer 37

Correlation

Question 38

What is a case study?

Answer 38

An in-depth investigation of a single person, group or event

Question 39

Name 2 strengths of a case study

Answer 39

+ Helps collect lots of in-depth qualitative research + Can inform future research + Usually less researcher bias as no set hypothesis + May be best way to study unusual behaviour

Question 40

Name 2 weaknesses of case studies

Answer 40

- Relies on subjective interpretation of researcher - Difficult to generalise the results to all

Question 41

What is meant be reliability?

Answer 41

Consistency - same result every time

Question 42

What is meant by validity?

Answer 42

Accuracy - the results are true!

Question 43

What is secondary data?

Answer 43

Data collected by someone else other than the researcher before the current study

Question 44

What is primary data?

Answer 44

Data collected first-hand by the researcher

Question 45

Name a strength and weakness of secondary data?

Answer 45

+ Little effort as data already available - Lacks control so data may not be fit for purpose

Question 46

What are the 3 ways to represent the average?

Answer 46

Mean; mode; median

Question 47

The spread of scores from top to bottom is known as .....?

Answer 47

The range

Question 48

Which average is most representative?

Answer 48

The mean = all values in data set are included

Question 49

Which average is most affected by extreme scores?

Answer 49

Mean

Question 50

Which graph is a bell curve with the mean, mode, median together at the top of the bell?

Answer 50

Normal distribution

Question 51

Which graph is used when data is in separate categories

Answer 51

Bar chart

Question 52

'There will be a difference.....' starts which type of hypothesis?

Answer 52

Non-directional (2-tailed)

Question 53

We use the formula IV - DV - IV when writing which hypothesis?

Answer 53

Directional