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MR R's GCSE PSYCHOLOGY (AQA) > RESEARCH METHODS > Flashcards

RESEARCH METHODS Flashcards

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1
Q

An aim is…….?

A

What we want to investigate

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2
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A testable statement that sets out our prediction of what we expect to happen

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3
Q

The variable that is manipulated = ?

A

Independent

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4
Q

The variable that is measured = ?

A

Dependent

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5
Q

Operationalisation is…..?

A

Making each variable clear, precise and specific

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6
Q

A statement of no effect/relationship is called a ……….?

A

Null hypothesis

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7
Q

An extraneous variable is ……?

A

A variable other than the IV that can effect the DV. They must be controlled

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8
Q

An extraneous variable that is not controlled and effects the results is called….. ?

A

A confounding variable

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9
Q

Quanititative = ?

A

Data expressed in numbers

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10
Q

Qualitative = ?

A

Data expressed in words

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11
Q

The 3 types of experiment

A

Lab; Field; Natural

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12
Q

Which experiment am I?
+ High control
- Artificial methods

A

Laboratory experiment

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13
Q

Which experiment is it when the IV is not changed at all by the experimenter?

A

Natural experiment

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14
Q

Which type of experiment has ethical issues with informed consent?

A

Field experiment

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15
Q

The 3 types of experimental design = ?

A
  • Independent groups
  • Repeated measures
  • Matched pairs
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16
Q

Which experimental design am I?
+ Not affected by participant variables
- Affected by order/practise effects

A

Repeated measures

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17
Q

How can you reduce order effects?

A

Counterbalancing

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18
Q

ABBA is used in …..?

A

Counterbalancing

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19
Q

The 5 types of sampling method?

A
  1. Random
  2. Volunteer
  3. Opportunity
  4. Systematic
  5. Stratified
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20
Q

Which sampling method is most representative?

A

Stratified

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21
Q

The group the researcher wants to study and selects their sample from is called ?

A

The target population

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22
Q

A weakness of opportunity, random, and volunteer samples?

A

Bias = not representative

23
Q

Every nth person is which sampling method?

A

Systematic

24
Q

Names out of a hat is which sampling method?

A

Random

25
Q

DRIPPC stands for

A

Deception;
Right to withdraw;
Informed consent;
Protection from harm;
Privacy;
Confidentiality

26
Q

Who monitors the ethical behaviour of psychologists in the UK?

A

British Psychological Society (BPS)

27
Q

3 types of interview?

A

Structured; semi-structured; unstructured

28
Q

What type of data will a closed question give?

A

Quantitative

29
Q

What am I?
+ Gather lots of info quickly from lots of people
- People may lie

A

Questionnaire

30
Q

An observation in a lab setting is called a c……………………….. observation

A

Controlled

31
Q

Covert vs O…………. observation

A

Overt

32
Q

When an observer joins in with the participant in the study it’s called …..?

A

A participant observation

33
Q

Interobserver reliability is….?

A

The extent to which 2 or more observers agree

34
Q

What is a correlational study?

A

Shows the relationship between 2 co-variables

35
Q

What graph will a correlational study produce?

A

A scattergraph

36
Q

A weakness of a correlational study?

A
  • Can’t establish cause and effect
  • a third variable could be causing the results
37
Q

A strength of this method is that it’s a good starting point for research as it shows the relationship between 2 variables

A

Correlation

38
Q

What is a case study?

A

An in-depth investigation of a single person, group or event

39
Q

Name 2 strengths of a case study

A

+ Helps collect lots of in-depth qualitative research
+ Can inform future research
+ Usually less researcher bias as no set hypothesis
+ May be best way to study unusual behaviour

40
Q

Name 2 weaknesses of case studies

A
  • Relies on subjective interpretation of researcher
  • Difficult to generalise the results to all
41
Q

What is meant be reliability?

A

Consistency - same result every time

42
Q

What is meant by validity?

A

Accuracy - the results are true!

43
Q

What is secondary data?

A

Data collected by someone else other than the researcher before the current study

44
Q

What is primary data?

A

Data collected first-hand by the researcher

45
Q

Name a strength and weakness of secondary data?

A

+ Little effort as data already available
- Lacks control so data may not be fit for purpose

46
Q

What are the 3 ways to represent the average?

A

Mean; mode; median

47
Q

The spread of scores from top to bottom is known as …..?

A

The range

48
Q

Which average is most representative?

A

The mean = all values in data set are included

49
Q

Which average is most affected by extreme scores?

A

Mean

50
Q

Which graph is a bell curve with the mean, mode, median together at the top of the bell?

A

Normal distribution

51
Q

Which graph is used when data is in separate categories

A

Bar chart

52
Q

‘There will be a difference…..’ starts which type of hypothesis?

A

Non-directional (2-tailed)

53
Q

We use the formula IV - DV - IV when writing which hypothesis?

A

Directional

MR R's GCSE PSYCHOLOGY (AQA) (10 decks)

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