BRAIN & NEUROPSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
What makes up the CNS?
The brain and spinal chord
Sensory neurons take info from ? to the CNS
The peripheral nervous system
Which NS controls involuntary bodily functions?
Autonomic (ANS)
Which division is the on switch in the ANS?
The sympathetic NS
What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Which division of the ANS brings about the ‘rest and digest’ response
Parasympathetic
Which part of the brain identifies the threat in the fight or flight response?
The hypothalamus
Which hormone is secreted during the fight or flight response?
Adrenaline
James-Lange says:
E………………… - A………………….. - I……………………………. - E…………………………
Event - Arousal - Interpretation - Emotion
Whose theory challenges James-Lange and says emotion/physiological arousal at the same time?
Cannon-Bard
Which neurons only work within the CNS?
Relay or Interneurons
How many axons does a neuron have?
One
What is excitation?
Increase of positive charge causing the neuron to fire
In it’s resting state, how is a neuron charged?
Negatively
What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?
A chemical that increases the negative charge of a neuron making it less likely to fire
What is summation?
The sum of all signals a neuron receives - it will either fire or not = ‘all or nothing’
Hebb says learning in the brain produces an e…………….
engram
Hebb says groups of neurons that wire together are called ………..?
Cell assemblies
Who said the brain is plastic and adapts?
Hebb
Where is Broca’s area and what does it control?
Frontal lobe = speech production
What are the 2 main language areas of the brain?
Broca and Wernickes areas
Which lobe of the brain includes the motor cortex?
Frontal lobe
Which lobe of the brain includes the somatosensory cortex?
Parietal
Which lobe of the brain is known as the visual area?
Occipital
The very thin outer layer of the brain is called ………….?
The cerebral cortex
Whose case study supports localisation theory?
Phineas Gage
What procedure did Penfield use?
The Monteral procedure
Who were Penfield’s participants?
Epileptic patients
What did Penfield discover in the temporal lobe?
The Interpretive cortex
Which scanning technique uses X-rays to create detailed cross-section images of the brain
CT scan
Which scanning technique measures oxygenated blood in the brain?
fMRI scan
What is injected into a patient having a PET scan?
A radioactive substance
Which of the 3 brain scans does not use radiation?
fMRI
Which brain scan has a time-lag of around 5 secs?
fMRI
A strength of which scan is that it can show the brain in action?
PET scan
What did Tulving inject his volunteers with?
Radioactive gold
What was wrong with Tulvings sample?
There were only 6, including himself and his wife
Which 2 types of memory did Tulving’s study show are localised?
Semantic and episodic
Tulving found that episodic memories were mainly associated with the a………………… cortex
Anterior (frontal and temporal lobes)
What scan did Tulving used and why is this a strength?
PET scan. It produced scientific, objective evudence
