BRAIN & NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

What makes up the CNS?

Answer 1

The brain and spinal chord

Question 2

Sensory neurons take info from ? to the CNS

Answer 2

The peripheral nervous system

Question 3

Which NS controls involuntary bodily functions?

Answer 3

Autonomic (ANS)

Question 4

Which division is the on switch in the ANS?

Answer 4

The sympathetic NS

Question 5

What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?

Answer 5

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 6

Which division of the ANS brings about the ‘rest and digest’ response

Answer 6

Parasympathetic

Question 7

Which part of the brain identifies the threat in the fight or flight response?

Answer 7

The hypothalamus

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted during the fight or flight response?

Answer 8

Adrenaline

Question 9

James-Lange says:
E………………… - A………………….. - I……………………………. - E…………………………

Answer 9

Event - Arousal - Interpretation - Emotion

Question 10

Whose theory challenges James-Lange and says emotion/physiological arousal at the same time?

Answer 10

Cannon-Bard

Question 11

Which neurons only work within the CNS?

Answer 11

Relay or Interneurons

Question 12

How many axons does a neuron have?

Answer 12

One

Question 13

What is excitation?

Answer 13

Increase of positive charge causing the neuron to fire

Question 14

In it’s resting state, how is a neuron charged?

Answer 14

Negatively

Question 15

What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Answer 15

A chemical that increases the negative charge of a neuron making it less likely to fire

Question 16

What is summation?

Answer 16

The sum of all signals a neuron receives - it will either fire or not = ‘all or nothing’

Question 17

Hebb says learning in the brain produces an e…………….

Answer 17

engram

Question 18

Hebb says groups of neurons that wire together are called ………..?

Answer 18

Cell assemblies

Question 19

Who said the brain is plastic and adapts?

Answer 19

Hebb

Question 20

Where is Broca’s area and what does it control?

Answer 20

Frontal lobe = speech production

Question 21

What are the 2 main language areas of the brain?

Answer 21

Broca and Wernickes areas

Question 22

Which lobe of the brain includes the motor cortex?

Answer 22

Frontal lobe

Question 23

Which lobe of the brain includes the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 23

Parietal

Question 24

Which lobe of the brain is known as the visual area?

Answer 24

Occipital

Question 25

The very thin outer layer of the brain is called ………….?

Answer 25

The cerebral cortex

Question 26

Whose case study supports localisation theory?

Answer 26

Phineas Gage

Question 27

What procedure did Penfield use?

Answer 27

The Monteral procedure

Question 28

Who were Penfield’s participants?

Answer 28

Epileptic patients

Question 29

What did Penfield discover in the temporal lobe?

Answer 29

The Interpretive cortex

Question 30

Which scanning technique uses X-rays to create detailed cross-section images of the brain

Answer 30

CT scan

Question 31

Which scanning technique measures oxygenated blood in the brain?

Answer 31

fMRI scan

Question 32

What is injected into a patient having a PET scan?

Answer 32

A radioactive substance

Question 33

Which of the 3 brain scans does not use radiation?

Answer 33

fMRI

Question 34

Which brain scan has a time-lag of around 5 secs?

Answer 34

fMRI

Question 35

A strength of which scan is that it can show the brain in action?

Answer 35

PET scan

Question 36

What did Tulving inject his volunteers with?

Answer 36

Radioactive gold

Question 37

What was wrong with Tulvings sample?

Answer 37

There were only 6, including himself and his wife

Question 38

Which 2 types of memory did Tulving’s study show are localised?

Answer 38

Semantic and episodic

Question 39

Tulving found that episodic memories were mainly associated with the a………………… cortex

Answer 39

Anterior (frontal and temporal lobes)

Question 40

What scan did Tulving used and why is this a strength?

Answer 40

PET scan. It produced scientific, objective evudence