Social Influence

Question 1

Herbert Kelman

Answer 1

(1958) proposed 3 types of conformity

Question 2

Man et al

Answer 2

(1969) proposed 4th type: ingratiational…to impress others

Question 3

Deutsch and Gerard

Answer 3

(1955) proposed NSI and ISI

Question 4

Asch

Answer 4

(1951) - matching lines, NS
- 123 American males
- chair 6/7
- scripted mistakes after 2 trials
- 37% conformed in all
- 25% never conformed

Question 5

Asch variations

Answer 5

(1952,1956)
size of group - mattered to a point
social support - reduce to 80% non conforming
difficulty - ISI
private answers and status also effect

Question 6

Lucas et al

Answer 6

(2006) - difficult maths - ISI

Question 7

Sheriff

Answer 7

(1935) - autokinetic experiment - ISI, confom to. group norms in an ambiguous situation

Question 8

Zimbardo

Answer 8

(1973) - Prison experiment
- 21 American Stanford students
- dehumanised with uniform
- rebellion on day 2
- ended on day 6 = early

Question 9

Orlando

Answer 9

(1973) - psych ward

Question 10

Milgram

Answer 10

(1963) - obedience, German hypothesis
- 40 males in war age demographic
- 100% to 300v
- 65% to 450v

Question 11

Milgram variations

Answer 11

% to reach 450v:
social support - up to 92% with paired teacher
location - down to 48%
uniform - down to 20%
responsibility was inversely proportionate

Question 12

Sheridan and King

Answer 12

(1972) – real stocks on puppies
males - 54%
females - 100%

Question 13

Hofling

Answer 13

(1966) - Dr on the phone, 21/22 nurses obeyed

Question 14

Gina Perry

Answer 14

(2013) - milgram pps doubted the validity of the study

Question 15

Rank and Jacobson

Answer 15

(1977) - most nurses disobeyed despite LAF

Question 16

Mantell

Answer 16

(1971) 81% German participants obeyed in milligram study

Question 17

Adorno

Answer 17

(1947) F-scale, measure authoritarian personality

Question 18

Milgram and Elms

Answer 18

(1966) - obedience person is high on f scale

Question 19

Greenstein

Answer 19

(1969) calls the F-scale ‘a comedy of methodological errors’

Question 20

Albrecht et al.

Answer 20

(2006) - social support for pregnant teens and resistance to smoking

Question 21

Rotter

Answer 21

(1954) proposed locus of control

Question 22

Holland

Answer 22

(1967) - Milgram study who obeyed=
- internal LoC was 37%
- external LoC was 23%

Question 23

Twenge et al

Answer 23

(2004) - Americans are resistant to obedience, but have more external LoC

Question 24

Moscovici

Answer 24

(1969) – colour of slides, consistency of minority

Question 25

Clark

Answer 25

(1990) - when given knowledge of argument, joined minority -> snowball effect