Approaches

Question 1

Behaviourism

Answer 1

Pavlov’s Dogs
Skinner Rats
Little Albert
Mowrer’s two process model (1960)

Question 2

Social learning theory

Answer 2

Bandura’s Bobo doll
!Kung San community

Question 3

Cognitive

Answer 3

Beck’s negative triad
Tulving brain scans (1994)

Question 4

Biological

Answer 4

McMuffin and Gottesman
Lewis (1936) - 37% parents with OCD

Question 5

Psychodynamic

Answer 5

Little Hans

Question 6

Humanistic

Answer 6

Maslow

Question 7

Philosophy

Answer 7

17th Century
- experimental (disciplined) philosophy
- Rene Descarte ‘dualism’ = body and mind

Question 8

Empiricism

Answer 8

17th Century
proposed by John Locke
- innate, learnt, data driven
-> origin of behaviourism

Question 9

Darwin

Answer 9

(1859) ‘origin of the species’
- evolution
-> origin of biological

Question 10

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 10

(1879) - establish psychology as its own discipline
- first lab
1. structuralism (cognitive approach)
2. introspection (emotional and mental processes)

Question 11

John B Watson

Answer 11

John B Watson (1913) - book, pioneers behaviourism

Question 12

Freud

Answer 12

(1920s) - origin of psychodynamic
- unconscious and person centred therapy

Question 13

Maslow and Rogers

Answer 13

(1950s) - develops the humanistic approach
- ‘third force’
- free will
- self determination

Question 14

Digital age

Answer 14

(1950s) - cognitive approach (computer analogy)

Question 15

Bandura

Answer 15

(1960s) - social learning theory
- bridging cognitive and behaviourism

Question 16

Advances in science

Answer 16

(1980s) - more biological research due to advancing technology

Question 17

Current

Answer 17

cognitive neuroscience = biological + cognitive approaches

Question 18

ID

Answer 18

at birth - biological parts, innate desires
… motivated by pleasure principle

Question 19

Ego

Answer 19

developed ages 1-3 - mediates conflict
- uses defence mechanisms
… motivated by reality

Question 20

defence mechanisms

Answer 20

repression, denial, projection, displacement, regression and sublimation

Question 21

repression

Answer 21

ego keeps the disturbing or threatening thoughts unconscious

Question 22

denial

Answer 22

blocking external events from awareness

Question 23

projection

Answer 23

placing your own thoughts, motives etc on someone else
eg hate yourself x someone else hates you

Question 24

displacement

Answer 24

satisfying the desire with a substitute

Question 25

regression

Answer 25

returning to a different psychological time when faced with stress

Question 26

sublimation

Answer 26

stratifying the desire with a substitute that s acceptable like sport

Question 27

Superego

Answer 27

develops age 3-5 - punishes the ego with guilt
… motivated by morality

Question 28

psychosexual stages of development

Answer 28

• oral = 0-1 year
• anal = 1-3 years
• phallic = 3-5 years
• latent = 5- puberty
• genital = puberty

Question 29

oral

Answer 29

mouth
… deprivation of feed = smoking, other sucking activity

Question 30

anal

Answer 30

anal
… fault in toilet training = obsessive tidiness

Question 31

phallic

Answer 31

penis
… abnormal family = vanity, self obsession

Question 32

latent

Answer 32

sexual is repressed = no fixation

Question 33

genital

Answer 33

genitals
fixation should be present in mental healthy adults

Question 34

processing schema

Answer 34

• assimilation (add to pre-existing)
• accommodation (new may disrupt old)
  … when it doesn’t fit its called disequilibrium