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Psychology studies > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

McGuffin and Gottesman

A

(1985) - twin study - aggressive behaviour
- MZ=87%
- DZ=72%

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2
Q

Phineas Gage

A

(1848) - accident penetrated frontal lobe
- personality was altered
- supports localisation
- brain is not holistic

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3
Q

Hitzig and Fritsch

A

(1870) - stimulation motor area of dogs

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4
Q

Robertson

A

(1995) - somatosensory is adaptable
- larger are in braille readers than control group

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5
Q

‘Tan’

A

damage to Broca’s area -> inability to speak fluently

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6
Q

Dougherty et al

A

(2002) - 1/3 OCD improved after part of cingulate gyrus was removed

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7
Q

Lashley

A

(1950) - against localisation
- removed 10-50% of rats brain
- still able to do the maze

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8
Q

Tulving

A

(1994) - different types of memory are localised (brain scans)

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9
Q

Peterson et al

A

(1988) - brain scans demonstrated the activation of Broca’s and Wernicke’s

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10
Q

Sperry

A

(1968) - split brain patients
- visual and tactile tasks
- language is lateralised to left

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11
Q

Fink et al

A

(1996) - normal brains also have different process in different hemispheres

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12
Q

Nielsen et al

A

(2013) - no evidence for a dominant side of the brain

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13
Q

Maguire et al

A

(2000) - plasticity of brain
- matched pairs: taxi and control groups
- more grey matter in hippocampus than non drivers (MRI)

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14
Q

Kuhn

A

30+mins of video games a day had cognitive demands = increased brain matter in hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum

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15
Q

Mechelli

A

(2004) - larger parietal cortex in bilingual people than non-bilingual

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16
Q

Siffre

A

(1975) - 6 months texan cave, approximately 25h with no external effects

17
Q

Folkard et al

A

(1995) - 12 people in cave, speeding the clock

18
Q

Aschoff and Wever

A

(1976) - WWII bunker for weeks, most stayed circadian, one was 29h

19
Q

McClintock and Stern

A

(1998) - 68% synced to odour donor

20
Q

Morgan

A

(1995) removed the SCN of hamsters
- sleep-wake cycle disappeared
- re-appeared when fetal hamster SCN cells were transplanted

21
Q

Campbell and Murphy

A

(1998) light (in the form of a torch) is a key exogenous zeitgeber
- shone light on the back of participants’ knees
= disrupted their sleep cycles by up to three hours

22
Q

excitation

A

neurotransmitter that increases the positive charge of the postsynaptic neurone
- likely to fire
- excitatory post synaptic potential
eg adrenaline

23
Q

inhibitory

A

neurotransmitter that increases the negative charge of the postsynaptic neurone
- less likely to fire
- inhibitory post synaptic potential
eg serotonin, dopamine

24
Q

summation

A

excitatory and inhibitory influences are summed to determine whether/how frequently the neuron will fire

25
Q

parts of the brain

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
limbic system
basal ganglia
cerebral cortex

26
Q

thalamus

A

relaying info to cortex

27
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls basic desires and the pit. gland

28
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls basic desires and the pit. gland

29
Q

limbic system

A

learning, memory and emotion

30
Q

basal ganglia

A

movement

31
Q

cerebral cortex

A

problem solving, personality

32
Q

pituitary gland

A

‘master gland’ control release of hormones
- anterior = ACTH, prolactin, growth hormones
- posterior = vasopressin and oxytocin

33
Q

thyroid gland

A

thyroxine
- regulates metabolic rate and protein synthesis

34
Q

adrenal medulla

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline
- fight or flight response

35
Q

adrenal cortex

A

cortisol
- suppress immune system, release glucose and fats

36
Q

testes

A

testosterone
- male sex characteristics

37
Q

ovaries

A

oestrogen
- female sex characteristics

38
Q

pineal

A

melatonin
- sleep wake cycle

39
Q

Wall

A

(1977) brain contains dormant synapses

Psychology studies (8 decks)

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