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Psychology studies > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

Meltzoff and Moore

A

(1977) - interactional synchrony and reciprocity
- adult models
- babies are observed recreating behaviour

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2
Q

Tronick’s Still Face

A

(1975) - international synchrony
- disengagement
- distress

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3
Q

Schaffer and Emerson

A

(1964) - quality of sensitive responsiveness
- 60 Glasgow babies
- questioned every 4 weeks
- after 18 months as follow up

  • stages of attachment
  • most interactive and sensitive not times spent
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4
Q

Schaffer and Emerson (RofF)

A

(1964)
- mothers are more suited to be PC
- 75% attach to fathers by 18 months

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5
Q

Field

A

(1978) - fathers can be PC = are capable of sensitive responsiveness

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6
Q

Grossman

A

(2002) - longitudinal study
- father is important for play and stimulation
- quality of play was then factored into later life attachment

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7
Q

McCallum and Gollombock

A

(2004) - ‘don’t develop differently’

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8
Q

Lorenz

A

(1936) - imprinting and critical period
- 6 geese and 6 in control group
- ensured the incubator group imprinted on him
- Lorenz was still mother even on reunion
- between 13-16 not over 32 hours
- irreversible and permanent

-> innate responses from babies to seek interaction for survival and critical period

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9
Q

Guiton

A

(1966) - imprint on rubber glove -> tries to mate with it

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10
Q

Harlow

A

(1958) - food vs comfort as basis of attachment
- 8 rhesus monkeys
- cloth and wire surrogate
- 165 days

-> basis of attachment is contact comfort over food

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11
Q

Dollard and Miller

A

(1950) - classical and operant condition of attachment
- mother becomes conditioned stimulus and happiness is conditioned response
- association
- caregiver’s presence reinforces for child

  • secondary drive hypothesis… learning through operant and classical conditioning
  • primary drives become associated with secondary drives
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12
Q

Bowlby’s Monotropic theory

A

(1958)
ASCMI

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13
Q

Bailey et al

A

(2007) - internal working model
- attachment with mother correlates relationship with child

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14
Q

AO3 for BMT

A

Schaffer and Emerson - against monotropy, multiple attachment (15%)

Rutter - ‘doesn’t have to just be the mother’

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15
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

(1969) - Strange Situation
- 8 stages that last 3 mins
- stranger anxiety and separation anxiety
- all filmed and controlled

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16
Q

Secure Attachment

A

75% of British toddlers
moderate anxiety etc
-> mother is responsive to child’s needs

17
Q

Insecure Avoidant

A

20% of toddlers
no interest to mother before or after
little anxiety
-> mother is rejecting

18
Q

Insecure Resistant

A

5% of toddlers
high proximity
high anxiety
resist comfort on reunion
-> inconsistent care from mother

19
Q

Main and Solomon

A

(1986) disorganised attachment

20
Q

Rutter

A

(2006) disinhibited attachment

21
Q

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

A

(1988) cross culture meta analysis of Ainsworth
- 8 countries reviewing 32 studies
- 1,990 children

China : S-50%, IA-25%, IR-25%
Germany : S-55%, IA-35%, IR-10%

not causal

22
Q

Sagi and van Izjendoorn

A
  • rural areas had insecure-resistant individuals
  • urban areas had similar attachment patterns to the Western world
23
Q

Simonella et al

A

securely attached children in Italy was only 50%, which was lower than expected
- changes in social and cultural expectations of mothers

24
Q

Bowlby’s maternal deprivation

A

(1953) - 2 1/2 years are crucial
permanent and irreversible
‘continual disruption of attachment’

25
Q

Bowlby’s 44 Thieves

A

(1944) - maternal deprivation and affection less psychopathy (and other effects)
- thief group and control group (emotional)
- matched pairs

  • 14 were AP
  • 12/14 had over 6 months separation with mother
26
Q

Rutter et al

A

(1998) - studied different ages of adoption and the effects
- 100 romanian orphans
- 6 months to 2-4 years
- longitudinal: 4, 6, 11, 21 years
before 6 months = normal attachment
after 6 months =disinhibited attachment

27
Q

Zenah et al

A

(2005)
- 136 romanian orphans attachment against nuclear family attachment
- 65% were disinhibited from orphan group

28
Q

Smith and Myron-Wilson

A

(1998) - attachment style and bullying
- IA = victims
- IR = bullies

29
Q

Hazan and Shaver

A

(1987) - love quiz and attachment type
- securely attached had long lasting relationships
- IA resulted in more divorces

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