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social influence Flashcards

1
Q

conformity

A

the tendency to change what we do think or say in response to the influence of real or imagined pressure

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2
Q

social influence

A

the scientific study of the ways peoples thoughts feelings and behaviours are affected by other people

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3
Q

compliance

A

agree in public but disagree is private

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4
Q

identification

A

temporary change in public and private

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5
Q

internalisation

A

long term change of public and private beliefs

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6
Q

informational conformity

A

looking to others for guidance on things they are uncertain about, usually leads to internalisation
- avoid being odd one out

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7
Q

normative conformity

A

change behaviour to fit in and be accepted by others or avoid disapproval from other group members, usually leads to compliance
- social rewards

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8
Q

Asch’s research into conformity

A

showed ppts a standard line abs another with 3 lines and they had to match it to the standard line.
123 American graduates
each ppts matched but confederate
75% of ppts conformed to confederates answer

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9
Q

unanimity - factors influencing conformity

A

the influence of the majority depends on the group being unanimous

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10
Q

task difficulty - factors affecting conformity

A

more difficult the task, the more people conform

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11
Q

group size - factors affecting conformity

A

greater amount of confederates the higher the conformity

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12
Q

evaluating Asch

A

all ppts were male undergrads - cannot be generalised
controlled lab so can replicated - reliable
not a daily task
lacks external validity, lack ecological validity
ppts we’re deceived

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13
Q

zimbardos stamford Prison experiment

A

do people behave badly because of sadistic personalities or is it the situation
> male ppts payed $15 a day
> treat like real prisoners dehumanised

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14
Q

problems with Zimbardos study

A

he became too involved as head of the guards and the researcher
> he didn’t let a person leave
study stopped after 6 days due to mental and physical abuse, rebellion after 2 days, depression/ anxiety, prisoners were submissive to guards

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15
Q

evaluating Zimbardos prison experiment

A

+ researchers had control over variables - roles given by chance so down to situation not behaviour

  • ethical issues Zimbardo responded to someone who wanted to leave as a guard not a researcher
  • biased sample - white college males
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16
Q

deindividuation

A

taking away someone’s individualism. stripping humanity. eg) called by number, uniforms

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17
Q

learned helplessness

A

learning that what you do has little affect on helping you eg) prisoners submission to guards

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18
Q

investigator effects

A

when a researcher acts in a way to support prediction

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19
Q

situational vs depositional

A

environment vs personality

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20
Q

social roles

A

ideas of how people should act based on their roles in society

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21
Q

obedience

A

when an individual acts to an order from an order from someone who they see as an authority figure

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22
Q

Milgrims aim

A

researching how far people go in obeying an instruction if it involves hurting someone

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23
Q

Milgrims sample

A

40 males between 20-50 volunteered from a newspaper and given $4.50

24
Q

Milgrims procedure

A

confederate learner, ppts teacher. teacher asked learner a q and if wrong they would get a “shock” from 15-450v

25
Milgrims 4 verbal prompts
1- please continue 2- the experiment requires you to continue 3- it is essential you continue 4- you have no choice but to continue
26
Milgrims findings
no ppts stopped below 300v 65% continued to 450v ppts showed signs of trembling and stress. three had seizures ppts we’re debriefed and assured their behaviour was normal
27
location affecting obedience
change location of the study. | run down office rather then Yale. experimenter seen to have less authority and obedience fell to 47.5%
28
uniform affecting obedience
originally wore grey lab coat. | due to a “phone call” experimenter was taken over by a man wearing normal clothes. obedience dropped to 20%
29
proximity affecting obedience
when the experimenter was in a diff room obedience fell to 20%. when teacher and learner were in the same room obedience fell to 40%
30
evaluating Milgrims study (negatives) 1 GV
sample did not represent whole pop - all american males so cannot be generalised lacks internal validity Orne suggested ppts knew shocks were fake
31
evaluating Milgrims study (positives)
replication supports findings. Holding nurses 95% did it
32
evaluating Milgrims study (negatives) 2 ethical
ppts we’re deceived - thought it was a memory study | not appear to have the right to withdraw - 4 prompts - ppts did not act way they wanted
33
agentic state
authority figures control our behaviour and we pass responsibility for our actions to them
34
autonomous state
direct own behaviour and responsible for own actions
35
moral strain
if we obey something that goes against conscience we experience this
36
binding factors
keep you in the agentic state
37
legitimacy of authority
more likely to obey people we perceive to have more authority then us > justified as have high power in society > learn to trust authority through childhood
38
locus of control
a persons perception of personal control over their own behaviour
39
internal locus of control
individual believes their life is controlled by their own decisions and efforts less likely to conform/ obey
40
external locus of control
individual believes their life is determined by luck gate and external factors more likely to conform/ obey
41
adv of locus of control
Holland repeated milgrims study. 37% of internals did not order increase to highest. 23% externals did not. shows internal LOC are less likely to obey
42
authoritarian personality
extremely obedient. they are submissive to higher people and dismissive to lower people.
43
adorno f scale procedure
``` high levels obedience = psychological disorder 2000 middle class white americans measuring attired towards race ```
44
adorno f scale findings
authoritarian personalities scored highly. identified w strong and pitied the weak. extreme respect to authority. patronising to lower people. old views of sex, race, gender
45
what caused authoritarian personalities?
harsh upbringing > fear of parents/ hatred of parents > excessively respect authority/ hate and anger onto others
46
Elms and Milgrim
follow up to Milgrims study. 20 ppts = full 450v, 20ppts refuse to continue. then completed personality questionnaires including f scale. those who went to 450v scored highest.
47
- of authoritarian personality
link between obedience and personality. but cannot conclude this is why they obey. many other confounding variables
48
- authoritarian personality with Meleons research
less educated people show AP. could conclude it is down to levels of education lead to diff levels of obedience
49
- authoritarian personality adornos f scale
people respond in a socially desirable way increasing demand characteristics. people appear more authoritarian when they are not
50
minority influence
how one person or a small group influenced beliefs and behaviours of others. e.g. suffragettes leads to internalisation
51
process of internalisation from minority influence
consistency- saying the same thing for a long time grabs attention and interest and makes people rethink commitment - e.g. dangerous activities makes majority pay for attention. flexibility - show they are willing to listen to others
52
the process of minority influence
a snowball effect occurs where more and more people become converted which switches minority to majority. social change has now occurred
53
+ minority influence - research supporting consistency
Moscovici - consistent minority has greater effect than inconsistent. minorities that are consistent are most influential - wood completed meta analysis to find this. confirm consistency in a major factor.
54
+ minority influence - role of deeper processing
Martin - gave ppts a message of a particular viewpoint and attitudes were measured. then showed them a vid from either minority or majority. then heard conflicting view and attitudes were measured again. ppts we’re less likely to change thier view if they originally listened to minority. more deeply processed
55
neg of minority influence - lack external validity.
tasks are artificial. Moscovici was to identify a colour of a slide which is far from real world. in political campaigns, jury decision etc the decision is much more important. most studies use artificial tasks meaning the findings are limited in the real world

psychology a level (16 decks)

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