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social influence Flashcards

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1
Q

conformity

A

the tendency to change what we do think or say in response to the influence of real or imagined pressure

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2
Q

social influence

A

the scientific study of the ways peoples thoughts feelings and behaviours are affected by other people

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3
Q

compliance

A

agree in public but disagree is private

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4
Q

identification

A

temporary change in public and private

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5
Q

internalisation

A

long term change of public and private beliefs

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6
Q

informational conformity

A

looking to others for guidance on things they are uncertain about, usually leads to internalisation
- avoid being odd one out

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7
Q

normative conformity

A

change behaviour to fit in and be accepted by others or avoid disapproval from other group members, usually leads to compliance
- social rewards

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8
Q

Asch’s research into conformity

A

showed ppts a standard line abs another with 3 lines and they had to match it to the standard line.
123 American graduates
each ppts matched but confederate
75% of ppts conformed to confederates answer

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9
Q

unanimity - factors influencing conformity

A

the influence of the majority depends on the group being unanimous

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10
Q

task difficulty - factors affecting conformity

A

more difficult the task, the more people conform

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11
Q

group size - factors affecting conformity

A

greater amount of confederates the higher the conformity

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12
Q

evaluating Asch

A

all ppts were male undergrads - cannot be generalised
controlled lab so can replicated - reliable
not a daily task
lacks external validity, lack ecological validity
ppts we’re deceived

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13
Q

zimbardos stamford Prison experiment

A

do people behave badly because of sadistic personalities or is it the situation
> male ppts payed $15 a day
> treat like real prisoners dehumanised

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14
Q

problems with Zimbardos study

A

he became too involved as head of the guards and the researcher
> he didn’t let a person leave
study stopped after 6 days due to mental and physical abuse, rebellion after 2 days, depression/ anxiety, prisoners were submissive to guards

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15
Q

evaluating Zimbardos prison experiment

A

+ researchers had control over variables - roles given by chance so down to situation not behaviour

  • ethical issues Zimbardo responded to someone who wanted to leave as a guard not a researcher
  • biased sample - white college males
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16
Q

deindividuation

A

taking away someone’s individualism. stripping humanity. eg) called by number, uniforms

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17
Q

learned helplessness

A

learning that what you do has little affect on helping you eg) prisoners submission to guards

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18
Q

investigator effects

A

when a researcher acts in a way to support prediction

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19
Q

situational vs depositional

A

environment vs personality

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20
Q

social roles

A

ideas of how people should act based on their roles in society

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21
Q

obedience

A

when an individual acts to an order from an order from someone who they see as an authority figure

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22
Q

Milgrims aim

A

researching how far people go in obeying an instruction if it involves hurting someone

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23
Q

Milgrims sample

A

40 males between 20-50 volunteered from a newspaper and given $4.50

24
Q

Milgrims procedure

A

confederate learner, ppts teacher. teacher asked learner a q and if wrong they would get a “shock” from 15-450v

25
Q

Milgrims 4 verbal prompts

A

1- please continue
2- the experiment requires you to continue
3- it is essential you continue
4- you have no choice but to continue

26
Q

Milgrims findings

A

no ppts stopped below 300v
65% continued to 450v
ppts showed signs of trembling and stress. three had seizures
ppts we’re debriefed and assured their behaviour was normal

27
Q

location affecting obedience

A

change location of the study.

run down office rather then Yale. experimenter seen to have less authority and obedience fell to 47.5%

28
Q

uniform affecting obedience

A

originally wore grey lab coat.

due to a “phone call” experimenter was taken over by a man wearing normal clothes. obedience dropped to 20%

29
Q

proximity affecting obedience

A

when the experimenter was in a diff room obedience fell to 20%. when teacher and learner were in the same room obedience fell to 40%

30
Q

evaluating Milgrims study (negatives) 1 GV

A

sample did not represent whole pop - all american males so cannot be generalised
lacks internal validity Orne suggested ppts knew shocks were fake

31
Q

evaluating Milgrims study (positives)

A

replication supports findings. Holding nurses 95% did it

32
Q

evaluating Milgrims study (negatives) 2 ethical

A

ppts we’re deceived - thought it was a memory study

not appear to have the right to withdraw - 4 prompts - ppts did not act way they wanted

33
Q

agentic state

A

authority figures control our behaviour and we pass responsibility for our actions to them

34
Q

autonomous state

A

direct own behaviour and responsible for own actions

35
Q

moral strain

A

if we obey something that goes against conscience we experience this

36
Q

binding factors

A

keep you in the agentic state

37
Q

legitimacy of authority

A

more likely to obey people we perceive to have more authority then us
> justified as have high power in society
> learn to trust authority through childhood

38
Q

locus of control

A

a persons perception of personal control over their own behaviour

39
Q

internal locus of control

A

individual believes their life is controlled by their own decisions and efforts
less likely to conform/ obey

40
Q

external locus of control

A

individual believes their life is determined by luck gate and external factors
more likely to conform/ obey

41
Q

adv of locus of control

A

Holland repeated milgrims study. 37% of internals did not order increase to highest. 23% externals did not. shows internal LOC are less likely to obey

42
Q

authoritarian personality

A

extremely obedient. they are submissive to higher people and dismissive to lower people.

43
Q

adorno f scale procedure

A 
high levels obedience = psychological disorder
2000 middle class white americans measuring attired towards race
44
Q

adorno f scale findings

A

authoritarian personalities scored highly. identified w strong and pitied the weak. extreme respect to authority. patronising to lower people.
old views of sex, race, gender

45
Q

what caused authoritarian personalities?

A

harsh upbringing > fear of parents/ hatred of parents > excessively respect authority/ hate and anger onto others

46
Q

Elms and Milgrim

A

follow up to Milgrims study.
20 ppts = full 450v, 20ppts refuse to continue. then completed personality questionnaires including f scale. those who went to 450v scored highest.

47
Q
  • of authoritarian personality
A

link between obedience and personality. but cannot conclude this is why they obey. many other confounding variables

48
Q
  • authoritarian personality with Meleons research
A

less educated people show AP. could conclude it is down to levels of education lead to diff levels of obedience

49
Q
  • authoritarian personality adornos f scale
A

people respond in a socially desirable way increasing demand characteristics. people appear more authoritarian when they are not

50
Q

minority influence

A

how one person or a small group influenced beliefs and behaviours of others. e.g. suffragettes
leads to internalisation

51
Q

process of internalisation from minority influence

A

consistency- saying the same thing for a long time grabs attention and interest and makes people rethink
commitment - e.g. dangerous activities makes majority pay for attention.
flexibility - show they are willing to listen to others

52
Q

the process of minority influence

A

a snowball effect occurs where more and more people become converted which switches minority to majority. social change has now occurred

53
Q

+ minority influence - research supporting consistency

A

Moscovici - consistent minority has greater effect than inconsistent. minorities that are consistent are most influential - wood completed meta analysis to find this. confirm consistency in a major factor.

54
Q

+ minority influence - role of deeper processing

A

Martin - gave ppts a message of a particular viewpoint and attitudes were measured. then showed them a vid from either minority or majority. then heard conflicting view and attitudes were measured again. ppts we’re less likely to change thier view if they originally listened to minority. more deeply processed

55
Q

neg of minority influence - lack external validity.

A

tasks are artificial. Moscovici was to identify a colour of a slide which is far from real world. in political campaigns, jury decision etc the decision is much more important. most studies use artificial tasks meaning the findings are limited in the real world

psychology a level (16 decks)

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